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Người ta vì ái dục sinh ra lo nghĩ; vì lo nghĩ sinh ra sợ sệt. Nếu lìa khỏi ái dục thì còn chi phải lo, còn chi phải sợ?Kinh Bốn mươi hai chương
Nên biết rằng tâm nóng giận còn hơn cả lửa dữ, phải thường phòng hộ không để cho nhập vào. Giặc cướp công đức không gì hơn tâm nóng giận.Kinh Lời dạy cuối cùng
Dầu mưa bằng tiền vàng, Các dục khó thỏa mãn. Dục đắng nhiều ngọt ít, Biết vậy là bậc trí.Kinh Pháp cú (Kệ số 186)
Không trên trời, giữa biển, không lánh vào động núi, không chỗ nào trên đời, trốn được quả ác nghiệp.Kinh Pháp cú (Kệ số 127)
Ai sống quán bất tịnh, khéo hộ trì các căn, ăn uống có tiết độ, có lòng tin, tinh cần, ma không uy hiếp được, như núi đá, trước gió.Kinh Pháp Cú (Kệ số 8)
Xưa, vị lai, và nay, đâu có sự kiện này: Người hoàn toàn bị chê,người trọn vẹn được khen.Kinh Pháp cú (Kệ số 228)
Bậc trí bảo vệ thân, bảo vệ luôn lời nói, bảo vệ cả tâm tư, ba nghiệp khéo bảo vệ.Kinh Pháp Cú (Kệ số 234)
Hãy tự mình làm những điều mình khuyên dạy người khác. Kinh Pháp cú
"Nó mắng tôi, đánh tôi, Nó thắng tôi, cướp tôi." Ai ôm hiềm hận ấy, hận thù không thể nguôi.Kinh Pháp cú (Kệ số 3)
Người ngu nghĩ mình ngu, nhờ vậy thành có trí. Người ngu tưởng có trí, thật xứng gọi chí ngu.Kinh Pháp cú (Kệ số 63)
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tarkabhāṣā
pratyakṣam
maṅgalācaraṇam
guruṁ praṇamya lokeśaṁ śiśunāmalpamedhasām |
dharmakīrtimataṁ śrutyai tarkabhāṣā prakāśyate ||
pramāṇasāmānyalakṣaṇam
iha khalu prekṣāpūrvakāriṇo'rthijanāḥ sarvapuruṣārthasiddhinimittaṁ pramāṇamanusarantīti pramāṇamādau vyutpāddyate |
pramāṇaṁ samyagjñānamapūrvagocaram | pramīyate'rtho'neneti pramāṇam | tadeva samyagjñānam, sandehaviparyāsadoṣarahitatvāt | avisaṁvādakaṁ jñānaṁ loke samyag jñānamabhidhīyate | na ca saṁśayaviparyāsajñānayoravisaṁvādakatvamasti |yathā sthāṇurvā puruṣo veti jñānasya, marīcikāsu vā jalajñānasya | apūrvo gocaro asyetyapūrvagocaram | gocaro viṣayo ghaṭādiḥ | tasmādutpannaṁ tadarthaprāpaṇayogyaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇam ||
pramāṇasya kāryam
nanu jñānaṁ kartṛ puruṣaṁ prayojyamartha karmabhūtaṁ yadi kadācinna prāpayati tatkathamaprāpakatvāt pramāṇaṁ syāt ? ucyate | na hi jñānena puruṣo gale pādukānyāyena balādarthe pravartayitavyaḥ | api tvevaṁbhūtamidaṁ vatusvarupaṁ nānyathetyanenākāreṇa niścayo janayitavyaḥ | sa cettena kṛtaḥ, etāvataivāsya prāmāṇyamaviruddham | puruṣastu tatra prayojanavaśāt pravartatāmṛte prayojanaṁ na pravartatām , artho vā yogipiśācādibhirapahriyatām | jñānasya kimāyātam ? ||
kṣaṇikaṁ sannapi pramāṇasya saṁgatiḥ
nanvavisaṁvādakatvena jñānasya prāmāṇyam | avisaṁvādakatvaṁ ca dṛṣṭārthaprāpaṇāt | na ca yad dṛṣṭaṁ tatprāpyate, kṣaṇikatvāt kiṁ ca , rupaṁ dṛṣṭa, prāpyate ca spraṣṭavyam | tato'nyad dṛṣṭamanyat prāpyata ityapratītaprāpaṇāt kathaṁ prāmāṇyamasya saṁgacchatām | na , yadi nāma vastuto'nyadeva prāpyate tathāpi dṛṣṭameva mayā prāptamityekatvādhyavasāyāt pratītaprāpaṇamabhidhīyate | yattu marīcikādijalajñānaṁ tadaprāpaṇayogyatvādapramāṇameva ||
arthakriyāsthitiḥ
nanvidaṁ prāpaṇayogyamidaṁ netyarthakriyā prāptimantareṇa niścetumaśakyam | jñānotpattimātreṇa tu na bhrāntābhrāntayorbhedo'vadhāryate | tataśca kathaṁ tatsamyagjñānamiti cet ? naiṣa doṣaḥ | yaddyapi jñānamātrodayād vaiśiṣṭyamanayoravadhārayituṁ na śakyate, tathāpi jñānaviśeṣodayāddyathaikasya vaiśiṣṭayaṁ tathocyate | tathā hi- yadi nāma mandabuddhirutpattivaśādavisaṁvādakatvaṁ jñānasya nāvadhārayituṁ samarthaḥ , tathāpi dāhapākāvagāhanasnānapānonmajjanāddyarthakriyāṁ dūrato'nubhavato narasya darśanenoccalad dhūmādidarśanena cāvadhārayati | amandabuddhistu paṭutarapratyakṣeṇaivāvadhārayati , na tvarthakriyāprāptyā |
yadyavisaṁvādalakṣaṇaṁ prāmāṇyaṁ tadā śrotrajñānasyādhigatārthāprāpakatvāt kathaṁ prāmāṇyamini cet ? na | arthasvarupapratītirhi prāmāṇyam | tacca bāhyārthakriyāprāptimantareṇāpi sambhavati | yaduktam-
pramāṇamavisaṁvādi jñānamarthakriyāsthitiḥ |
avisaṁvādanam iti|
śabdasya śrutimātreṇaiva caritārthatvāt śrutireva tatrārthakriyāsthitiḥ | yathā ravicandrāmbudacitrādīnāṁ darśanamevārthakriyāsthitiḥ | taduktam -
jñeyasvarupasaṁvittiriṣṭā tatra kriyāsthitiḥ iti|
prathamaṁ tu prekṣāvānarthakriyārthitayā jalānalādāvarthakriyāsandehādeva pravartate |
yadi nāma tasyaiva nāsti sandeho me vartata iti tathāpi sādhakabādhakapramāṇābhāvādyuktaḥ sandeho bhavan kena vāryate iti | tasmāt
sthitametat - āsāditanirantarārthakriyāvyavahārāt paṭutarapratyakṣodayādevārtha pravartate, mandabuddhistu tādrūpyānumānāditi |
ata eva tu pratyakṣasya svataḥ prāmāṇyam | kasyacittu parataḥ | yogijñānasya svasaṁvedanasya ca svata eva prāmāṇyam | anumānasya tu niścayātmakatvāt svata eva pramāṇyam |
apūrvagocaram
tenāyamarthaḥ- prathamata eva yadvijñānaṁ viṣaye pravṛttaṁ tadeva pramāṇam , na tu tatraiva paścādbhāvi jñānāntaramapi , gṛhitagrāhitvena tasyāprāmāṇyāt | yathā ghaṭaṁ nirvikalpakena jñānena dṛṣṭvā paścāttasminneva viṣaye ghaṭo'yamiti savikalpakaṁ jñānaṁ smaraṇarupam , yathā vā parvatādau dhūmaṁ dṛṣṭvā vahniratretyanumānajñānānantaraṁ punarapi tatraiva vahniratretyanumānajñānam|
indriyādera apramāṇam
samyagjñānaṁ pramāṇamityukte sāmarthyājjaḍasvabhāvasyendriyādeḥ paricchedakatvābhāvāt prāmāṇyaṁ nirastam paricchedakatvaṁ hi boddhṛtvam |tacca jñānasyaiva nijarupam | tatkathamajñānātmana indriyādeḥ svarupaṁ bhavitumarhatīti ||
pramāṇasya dvaividhyam , pratyakṣaśabdanirvacanaṁ ca
tad dvividhaṁ pratyakṣamanumānaṁ ceti | pratigatamakṣaṁ pratyakṣam | akṣamindriyaṁ cakṣuḥ śrotraghrāṇajihvākāyākhyam | tasmādutpannaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣamabhidhīyate | nanu yadyakṣāśritaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣaṁ tadā mānasādi vakṣyamāṇaṁ jñānatrayamindriyādanutpatteḥ pratyakṣaṁ na syāt? atrocyate- pratigatamakṣamiti yaduktaṁ tatpratyakṣaśabdasyāvyutpattimātranimittaṁ pratipāditam | pravṛttinimittaṁ tu pratyakṣaśavdasāyārthasākṣātkāritvameva ruḍhivaśādavagantavyaṁ paṅkajavat | tataḥ svasaṁvedanādikamapi jñānaṁ svasaṁvedanarupamartha sākṣātkarotīti pratyakṣaśavdavācyaṁ siddhyatīti ||
anumānaśabdanirvacanam
mīyate'rtho'neneti mānam | anuḥ paścādarthe | paścānmānamanumānam | liṅgagrahaṇaliṅgaliṅgisambandhasmaraṇayoḥ paścāt yadvijñānaṁ parvatādau dharmiṇi parokṣavastvālambakaṁ tadevānumānaśabdenābhidhīyate | etacca ruḍhivaśādavagantavyam |
pramāṇasaṁkhyāvipratipattiḥ
dvividhavacanena ekaṁ trīṇi catvāri pañca ṣaḍhiti vipratipattayo nirasyante | tathā hi - pratyakṣamevaikaṁ pramāṇamiti cārvākaḥ| pratyakṣamanumānaṁ śābdaṁ ceti sāṁkhyaḥ|
pratyakṣamanumānamupamānaṁ śābdaṁ ceti naiyāyikaḥ | pratyakṣamanumānaṁ śāvdamupamānamarthapattiriti prābhākaraḥ | pratyakṣamanumānaṁ śābdamupamānamarthapattirabhāvaśceti mīmāṁsakaḥ|
dvividhavacanena dvitve prāpte pratyakṣamanumānaṁ ceti punaryaduktaṁ tadanyathādvitvanirāsārtham| tathā hi vaiyāka raṇo brūte pratyakṣaṁ śābdaṁ ceti pramāṇadvayam ||
cārvākābhimatānumānāpramāṇyanirasanam
tatra anumānasya prāmāṇyamavaśyamabhyupagantavyaṁ cārvākeṇeti pratipādyate | tathā hi - sa khalu pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṁ parapratipādanāya praṇayati | parasya ca buddhirna pratyakṣā | kiṁ tarhi kāyavāgvyāpārādikāryādanumeyā | tato'nena kāryaliṅgajamanumānaṁ balādabhyupagataṁ syāt | paralokaniṣedhāya cānupalambhākhyaṁ sādhanamācaṣṭe| ato'sau svayamevānumānena pramāṇena vyavaharati, nānumānaṁ pramāṇamiti ca bruvan kathaṁ nāma nonmattaścārvākaḥ syāt ?
śabdopamānārthāpatyabhāvānāṁ pramāṇāntaratvanirasanam
śābdaṁ ca jñānaṁ bāhyārthāvisaṁvādakatvena pramāṇameṣṭavyam | avisaṁvādakatvaṁ ca sambandhamantareṇa na saṁgacchate | na ca śabdānāṁ bāhyārthena saha kaścitsambandho'sti| tathā hi - śabdārthayoḥ sambandho bhavan tādātmyaṁ tadutpattirarvā bhavet | tatra na tāvāttādātmyaṁ śabdārthayoḥ , atyantabhedena pratibhāsanāt | tādātmyaṁ hyekatvamabhidhīyate bhinnapratibhāsayorapyekatve svīkriyamāṇe gavāśvādīnāmapyekatvaprasaṅgaḥ| nāpi tadutpattiḥ | nāpi tadutpattiḥ , anvayavyatirekābhāvāt | tasmāt tadutpattirityevaṁ vaktuṁ na śakyate | tathā hi - śabdavyāpāramantareṇa svahetoreva mṛtpiṇḍadaṇḍasalilakulālacakrādeḥ sakāśādutpadyamāno ghaṭādirartho dṛśyate | śabdo'pi bāhyārtha vinaiva puruṣecchāmātreṇa tālvādivyāpārādevotpadyate|
atha tādātmyatadutpattibhyāmanya eva vācyāvācakatvalakṣaṇaḥ śabdārthayoḥ vāstavaḥ sambandhadho'sti | evaṁ tarhyasaṁketavido'pi puruṣasya śabdāduccaritānniyatā - rthapratītiḥ prāptā, yogyatā mātreṇaiva pradīpāt ghaṭādipratītivat na caitadasti|
tathā hi -abhinavo nālikeradvīpādāyātaḥ pumānagniśabdaṁ śrutvā'pyagniśavdānna kiñcidartha pratyetīti |
atha tāṁstān saṁketānapekṣya tattadarthapratyāyanayogya evāyaṁ śabdo jāyata ityucyate | tanna | na hyevamasya prāmāṇyamavatiṣṭhate | sarvatra saṁketasya yogyatvāt |tato na jñāyate kiṁ vivakṣitārthamāha, āhosvidanyaṁ veti |
astu vā anya eva kaścitsambandhaḥ | tathā ca so'pi kena sambandhena tayoḥ sambadhda iti praṣṭavyaḥ | anyena caturthena sambandheneti cet , caturtho'pi teṣu kena sambandhena sambaddhaḥ ? pañcamena kenaciccet , so'pi kenetyanavasthāyāṁ antyāsidhdau pūrveṣāmapyasiddhiḥ |
athāsambaddha eva śabdārthayoḥ samvandha iti cet | tanna | yo na sambaddhaḥ sa kathaṁ sambandho bhavati ghaṭasyeva paṭaḥ | atha vaktavyaṁ sambandhasya tādṛśa eva svabhāvaḥ, yena sambandhāntaranirapekṣa evaṁ paraṁ sambadhnāti? taduyuktam | pramāṇasidhde hi svabhāve nottaramabhidhīyate | yathāgnerevāyamīdṛśaḥ svabhāvo yaduta dāhakatvaṁ nāma nānyasyākāśādeḥ | sambandhasiddhau tu pramāṇaṁ kiñcinnirupayanto na paśyāmaḥ | na caivaṁ vaktavyaṁ śabdaśaktisvabhāvādeva śabdānāṁ niyatārthāvyabhicāritvamiti | tathā hi - yadi ghaṭa ityayaṁ śabdaḥ svabhāvādeva kambugrīvākāraṁ vārisaṁdhāraṇasamartha padārthamabhidadhāti, tatkathaṁ saṁketāntaramapekṣya puruṣecchayā turagādikamabhidadhyāt | na hi śālibījaṁ svahetoraṅkurajananasvabhāvamutpannaṁ saṁketāntamapekṣya gardabhaṁ janayituṁ samartha syāt | nāpyāptapraṇītaśabdānāṁ prāmāṇyamabhidhātumucitam | āptatvasyaiva niścetumaśakyatvāt | tathā hi - āptatvaṁ kṣiṇadoṣatvamucyate | kṣīṇadoṣatā ca paracittavṛttiḥ kācidabhidhīyate | paracittavṛttīnāṁ durlakṣyatvāt , kāyavāgvyāpārādikāryaliṅgasyānyathā'pi vṛttidarśanāt | sarāgā api vītarāgā iva ceṣṭanta iti nyāyātkathamāptatvaṁ niścīyatāmiti | samvandhadūṣaṇena ca vaidikaśabdānāṁ prāmāṇyaṁ nirastamiti pṛthaṅnoktam | kathaṁ tarhi sarvo'yamasandigdho laukiko vyavahāra iti cet | tathā tathā saṁketena vivakṣāvaśāditi na kācit kṣatiḥ | yathoktam ' vakturabhiprāyaṁ sūcayeyuḥ śabdā' iti ||
naiyāyikasammatasyopamānapramāṇasya nirasanam
naiyāyikasyopamānaprapañcaḥ | yaḥ pratipattā gāṁ jānāti na gavayam , sa ca apadiṣṭaḥ svāminā araṇyaṁ gatvā gavayamānayeti | sa ca gavayaśabdavācyamarthamajānāno vanecaramanyaṁ tajjñaṁ puruṣaṁ pṛṣṭavān , kīdṛśo gavaya iti | sa cāha yādṛśī gaustādṛśo gavaya iti|tasyāraṇyagatasya preṣyapuruṣasya atideśa vākyārthasmaraṇasahakāri gavayasārūpyajñānaṁ kartṛ ayamasau gavayaśabdavācyo'rtha iti pratipattiṁ falasvarupāṁ janayatpramāṇam | etaccāyuktam | yatprāmāṇyaṁ nāma viṣayavattayāṁ vyāptam | na cāsya nipuṇamapi nirupayanto viṣayaṁ saṁpaśyāmaḥ | tathā hi - samākhyā nāma sambandhaḥ tasya viṣayo varṇyate | sa ca paramārthato nāsti | dṛśyatve tasyānupalambhena bādhā | adṛśyatve tasya sattāsādhakaṁ pramāṇaṁ nekṣyate | kiṁ ca -sa hi sambandhaḥ sambadhibhyāṁ bhinno'bhinno vā |yadā bhinnastadā tayoḥ sambandhaḥ kena sambandheneti vācyam |
sambandhāntarakalpanāyāmanavasthā | athābhinnastadā sambandhināveva kevalau | na samākhyā nāma sambandhaḥ kaścit | atha sambaddhabuddhijanakatvaṁ sambandhaḥ | tanna yuktam | yataḥ sambaddhāvetāviti buddhiḥ svahetubalāt sambaddhavastudvayādapi sambhāvyamānā na sambandhāntaramākṣiptuṁ prabhavati||
mīmāṁsakasammatasyopamānapramāṇasya nirasanam
evaṁ mīmāṁsakopavarṇitasyāpi prāmāṇyaṁ nirākartavyam | tathā hi, sādṛśyaviśiṣṭaḥ piṇḍaḥ piṇḍaviśiṣṭaṁ vā sādṛśyamupamānasya viṣayastena varṇyate | na ca sadṛśavastuno'tiriktaṁ sādṛśyaṁ vyavasthāpayituṁ śakyate, pramāṇenāpratītatvāt | tathā hi - yadi sadṛśādatiriktaṁ sādṛśyaṁ dṛśyaṁ syāt tadā dṛśyānulambhagrastametat | athādṛśyaṁ tadā tatpratibadhdaliṅgābhāvāt anumānādapi kathaṁ tatsidhdiḥ | sādṛśyapratyayastu svahetostathotpannena sadṛśavastunā'pi kriyamāṇo ghaṭata iti na tatpratyayādapi tatsiddhiryuktā | upamānādeva sādṛśyasiddhiriti cet ? na | yataḥ pramāṇāntarasiddhayoreva sādṛśyapiṇḍaoyoryo viśeṣaṇaviṣeṣyabhāvastasyopamānaviṣayatvaṁ tena vādinā parikaldhdapyate | tatkathaṁ sādṛśyamātrasyāpyupamānāt siddhiriti||
arthāpattipramāṇanirasanam
arthāpatterapi prāmāṇyaṁ pṛthaṅnopapadyate| tathā hi pratyakṣādipratīto yo'rthaḥ sa yena vinā nopapadyate tasyārthasya kalpanamarthāpattirityarthāpatterlakṣaṇam | atredaṁ cintyate - yo'sau pramāṇadṛṣṭo'rthaḥ , tasya yadi parikalpyamānena parokṣārthena saha kaścittādāmyalakṣaṇaḥ tadutpattilakṣaṇo va pratibandho'sti tadā svabhāvaliṅgajā kāryaliṅgajā vā'sau pratipattirityarthāpattiranumānameva | atha nāsti pratibandhaḥ , tadānīmarthāpattiḥ pramāṇameva na bhavati, asambandhāt ghaṭātpaṭapratītivaditi ||
abhāvapramāṇanirasanam
abhāvasya svarupameva tāvannopalabhāmahe, kuta eva tasya prāmāṇyaṁ bhaviṣyati | tathā hi - pratyakṣādipramāṇānāmanutpattirabhāvākhyaṁ pramāṇaṁ mīmāṁsakairabhidhīyate | tatra keyamanutpattiḥ ? kiṁ prasajyavṛtyā pramāṇānutpattimātram ? atha paryudāsavṛtyā vastvantaram? vastvantaramapi jaḍarupaṁ, jñānarupaṁ vā? jñānamapi kiṁ jñānamātram ekajñānasaṁsargivastuno jñānaṁ vā ? tatra na tāvat prasajyarupo'bhāvo yujyate | tasya sarvaśaktiśūnyatvāt paricchedakatvaṁ vā kathaṁ bhavet ? ata eva kenāpi na tatpratidyate| yadāha paṇḍitacakracūḍāmaṇiḥ-
nābhāvaḥ kasyacitpratipattiḥ pratipattiheturvā |
tasyāpi kathaṁ pratipattiḥ iti|
nāpi jaḍarupam , jaḍasya paricchedakatvābhāvāt | na hi jaḍarupaṁ śakaṭādikaṁ ghaṭaṁ paricchinattīti kvāpi dṛṣṭaṁ śrutaṁ veti | nāpi jñānamātram , deśakālasvabhāvaviprakṛṣṭasyāpi sumeruśaṁkhacakravartipiśācāderapi jñānamātrādabhāvapramāṇādabhāvaprasaṅgāt| athaikajñānasaṁsargibhūtalādivastujñānamabhāvo'bhidhīyate tadā pratyakṣaviśeṣasyaivābhāvapramāṇanāmaka raṇānnāsmākaṁ kācid vipratipattiriti | sthitametat- pratyakṣamanumānaṁ ceta dvividhameva pramāṇamiti||
pratyakṣalakṣaṇam
tatra pratyakṣaṁ kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntam | pūrvoparamanusandhāya śabdasaṅkīrṇākārā pratītirjalpākārā vā kalpanā | yathā vijñapuruṣasya so'yaṁ ghaṭa iti pratītiḥ| bālamūkatiryagādīnāmantarjalpākārā parāmarśarupā vā pratītiḥ | tathā coktam -
abhilāpasaṁsargayogyapratibhāsapratītiḥ kalpanā ||iti||
nanu bālamūkādīnāmantarjalpākāraṁ kalpanājñānamastīti kuto niścetavyamiti ceta, vikalpakāryādiṣṭāpādānaparihārāt | dṛṣṭaṁ cedaṁ kārya bālamūkādau , īptisatārthasvīkaraṇamanīpsitārthatyajanaṁ nāma | bālamūkādivijñānasya kalpanātva sūcanena bhattoktālocanājñānaṁ savikalpakamiti pratipāditaṁ bhavati| kiṁ punaḥ kāraṇaṁ kalpanāvibhramātmakaṁ ca jñānaṁ pratyakṣaṁ na syāditi ceta ? na | arthasvarupasākṣākāri hi jñānaṁ pratyakṣamiti sarvoṣāṁ prasiddham | na ca kalpanāvibhramāvartharupaṁ sākṣātkartu samarthau | tathā hi - arthagrāhakaṁ jñānamarthasya kāryam | artho hi grāhyatvāt jñānasya kāraṇam | yathoktam -
bhinnakālaṁ kathaṁ grāhyamiti cet grāhyatāṁ viduḥ|
hetutvameva yuktijñā jñānākārārpaṇakṣamam ||iti||
kalpanājñānamarthamantareṇa vāsanāmātrādevopajāyamānaṁ kathamarthasya kāryaṁ syāt , arthena saha anvayavyatirekābhāvāt | na hi yadantareṇāpi yadbhavati tattasya kāryam , atiprasaṅgāt | yadi punaḥ kalpanājñānamarthādupajāyeta , tenāpi tadā ghaṭādirartho dṛśyeta | tataścāndhasyāpi rupadarśanaprasaṅgaḥ, na cāsti | ata evoktam -
śābdyāṁ buddhāvarthasya pratyakṣa iva pratibhāsābhāvād nāsti kalpanāyā arthasākṣātkāritvam iti||
etena yaduktaṁ pareṇaḥ
na so'sti pratyayo loke yaḥ śabdānugamādṛte |
anuviddhamiva jñānaṁ sarva śabdena bhāsate||iti||
tannirastam | tathāhi - ghaṭe purovartini uccāryamāṇe tatsamīpavarti bhūtalādijñānamuccāraṇarahitamanubhūyata eva | na ca tathā tatra śabdānugato'sti | na ca vikalpadvayaṁ sakṛditi nyāyāt ||
bhrāntajñānam
bhrāntamapi jñānaṁ nārthasākṣātkāri | bhrāntaṁ hyarthakriyāsamarthae vastuni viparyastamucyate | arthakriyākṣamaṁ ca vastusvarupaṁ deśakālākāraniyataṁ, tatkathaṁ viparītapratibhāsinā bhrāntena jñānena sākṣātkriyate | yadāha ācāryaḥ-
'timirāśubhramaṇanauyānasaṁkṣobhādyanāhitavibhramaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣam'||iti||
etena kāmalinaḥ śukle śaṁkhe pītapratibhāsi jñānaṁ , bhramādalātādau cakrādinirbhāsi jñānaṁ , gacchantyāṁ nāvi sthitasya caladavṛkṣādibhrāntijñānaṁ , gāḍhamarmaprahārahatasya jvalatstambhādipratibhāsi jñānaṁ ca , na pratyakṣamityuktaṁ bhavati |
nanu yadi nāma tajjñānaṁ na pratyakṣaṁ kathaṁ tato vastuprāptiriti cet? na tato vastuprāptiḥ | kiṁ tarhi , jñānāntarādeveti kecit |
pratyakṣasya cāturvidhyam
taccaturvidhaṁ- indriyajñānaṁ mānasaṁ svasaṁdanaṁ yogijñānaṁ ceti |
indriyapratyakṣam
cakṣurādīndriyapañcakāśrayeṇotpadyamānaṁ bāhyarupādipañcaviṣayālambanamindriyapratyakṣam | tatra cakṣurvijñānaṁ rupaviṣayam | śrotravijñānaṁ ca śabdaviṣayam | ghrāṇavijñānaṁ gandhaviṣayam | jihvāvijñānaṁ rasaviṣayam | kāyavijñānaṁ sparśaviṣayam|
indriyapratyakṣasya vyapadeśaḥ
indriyapratyakṣamiti vyapadeśasyāsādhāraṇakāraṇatvaṁ nimittam| yathā bherīśabdo yavāṅkara iti | idaṁ ca pratyakṣaṁ yatraiva svānurupaṁ vikalpaṁ janayati tatraiva pramāṇam , sāṁvyāvahārika pramāṇādhikārāditi ||
mānasapratyakṣam
svaviṣayānantaraviṣayasahakāriṇendriyajñānena samanantarapratyayena janitaṁ manovijñānaṁ mānasam | svaśabdenendriyajñānamabhimatam , svasya viṣayo bāhyo ghaṭādiḥ, svaviṣayasyānantaraḥ , svaviṣayānantaraḥ indriyajñānaviṣayādanyo ghaṭādirdvitīyakṣaṇaḥ | tena sahakāriṇā saha militvā , indriyajñānenopādānena samanantarapratyayasaṁjñakena yajjanitaṁ tanmānasaṁ pratyakṣamucyate | tato yaduktaṁ pareṇātraḥ
' gṛhītagrāhitvamandhabadhirādyabhāvo yogijñānasyāpi mānasatvaprasaṅgaḥ avyavahāritvaṁ ca ' iti |
tannirastam | tathā hi - dvitīyakṣaṇagrahaṇāt gṛhītagrāhitvasya nirāsaḥ | indriyajñānajanitaṁ hi mānasam | andhādīnāṁ rupādiviṣayālambanakamindriyajñānameva nāsti , kutastajjanitaṁ mānasaṁ bhaviṣyati ? ato nāstyandhabadhirādyabhāvadoṣaḥ |samanantarapratyayaviśeṣaṇena yogijñānasya mānasapratyakṣaprasaṅgo nirastaḥ| samanantarapratyayaśabdaḥ svasantānavartinyupādānajñāne ruḍhyā prasidhdaḥ | tato bhinnasantānavartiyogijñānamapekṣya pṛthagjanacittānāṁ samanantarapratyayavyapadeśo nāstīti| avyavahāritvaṁ punarasya dūṣaṇaṁ nopapadyate, sūkṣmakālabhāvitvena pṛthagjanairdurlakṣyatvāt | vyavahārāṅgetvena cānabhyupagamāt | āgamaprasiddhaṁ hi mānasapratyakṣam | na tvasya niścāyakaṁ kiñcidasti | yathoktaṁ bhagavatā-
' dvābhyāṁ bhikṣavo rupaṁ gṛhyate, cakṣuṣā tadākṛṣṭenamanasā ca ' iti ||
nanu ca vyavahārānupayuktamupadarśayituṁ kiṁ prayojanam , īdṛglakṣaṇayuktaṁ yadi mānasaṁ pratyakṣaṁ syāt , na kaściddoṣaḥ syādityāgamasyāpi viśuddhiranena pratipāditeti prayojanam ||
svasaṁvedanapratyakṣam
cittacaittānāṁ svasaṁvedanatvasamarthanam
sarvacittacaittānāmātmasaṁvedanaṁ svasaṁvedanam | cittaṁ vastumātragrāhakaṁ jñānam | citte bhāvāḥ caittāḥ , vastuno viśeṣarupagrāhakā sukhaduḥkhopakṣālakṣaṇāḥ | teṣāṁ sarvacittacaittānāmātmā saṁvidyate yena rupeṇa tatsvarupamātmasvarupasākṣatkāritvāt svasaṁvedanaṁ pratyakṣaṁ kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntaṁ cocyate|
atra kecidāhuḥ -na ca cittacaittānāṁ svasaṁvedanaṁ ghaṭate , svātmani kriyāvirodhāt | na ca suśikṣito'pi naṭavaṭuḥ svaskandhamāroḍhuṁ śaknoti | na hi tīkṣṇā'pyasidhārā svamātmānaṁ chinatti | na hi prajjvalito'pi vahniskandha ātmānaṁ dahati | tathā cittacaittamapi kathamātmānaṁ vedayatu vedyavedakabhāvo hi karmakartṛbhāvaḥ |
karmakartṛtvaṁ ca loke bhedenaiva prasiddham , vṛkṣasūtradhārayoriva | atrocyate , na karmakartṛbhāvena vedyavedakatvaṁ jñāne varṇyate | kiṁ tarhi ? vyavasthāpyavyavasthāpakabhāvena |
yathā pradipa ātmānaṁ prakāśayati tathā jñānamapi jaḍapadārthavilakṣaṇaṁ svahetoreva prakāśasvabhāvamupajāyamānaṁ svasaṁvedanaṁ vyavasthāpyate | tathā coktam -
vijñānaṁ jaḍarupebhyo vyāvṛttamupajāyate|
iyamevātmasaṁvittirasya yā'jaḍarupatā ||iti||
alaṅkārakāreṇāpyuktam -
kalpitaḥ karmakartrādiḥ paramārtho na vidyate |
ātmānamātmanaivātmā nihantīti nirucyate ||iti||
na ca cittacaittānāṁ jñānāntareṇa prakāśyatvaṁ yujyate | tathā hi - na tāvatsamānakālabhāvinā jñānāntareṇa cittacaittaṁ prakāśyata iti ghaṭate, upakāryopakārakatvābhāvāt , savyetaragoviṣāṇayoriva | nāpi bhinnakālabhāvinā , kṣaṇikatvāt , prakāśitavyasyaivābhāvāt | api ca yadi jñānaṁ svasaṁvedanaṁ na syāt , tadā jñāto'rtho iti durghaṭaḥ syāt , ' nāgṛhītaviśeṣaṇā budhdirviśeṣye varttate ' iti nyāyāt | tathā hi -artho viśeṣyaḥ , jñāta iti viśeṣaṇam , jñāto jñānena viśeṣita iti | jñānaṁ cetsvayaṁ na bodharupeṇa pratītaṁ , tatkathaṁ jñānena viśeṣito'rthaḥ pratīyatām | na hi daṇḍāgrahaṇe daṇḍino grahaṇaṁ yuktisaṅgatam | yaccoktaṁ trilocanena -
cakṣuṣo'grahaṇe'pi cākṣuṣaṁ rupaṁ pratīyate , tathā
jñānānavabodhe'pi jñāto'rtha iti ghaṭiṣyate ||iti||
tadasādhu | prastute'nupayogāt | na hi cakṣū rupasya viśeṣaṇam | kiṁ tarhi ? cakṣurvijñānāsaṁvedane kathaṁ jñāyatāmiti codyamakṣatameva ||
yatpunarjñānasya parokṣatvapratipādanāya bhaṭṭenoktam -
yathā ca rupādiprakāśanyathānupapatyā indriyasidhdiḥ , tathā jñānasyāpi sidhdiriti|
tathā hi tatra bhāṣyam -
na hi kaścidajñāte'rthe budhdimupalabhate | jñāte tvanumānādavagacchati iti||
vārtikaṁ ca -
tasya jñānaṁ tu jñātatāvaśāt |iti|
jñātatā ca viṣayaprākaṭyamucyate | tadapi cāyuktam | prākaṭyasyāpi jñānāt pṛthaktve viṣayarupatāyāṁ vyaktau jaḍarupatā , jaḍasya prakāśāyogāt | viṣayādarthāntaratve jaḍatāyāṁ tasyāpi svataḥ prakāśāyogāt | prākaṭayāntareṇa nu prakāśane'navasthā syāt | jñānasvabhāvatve prākaṭayasyāpi parokṣatvaprasaṅgaḥ | tato'vaśyaṁ jñānasya svasaṁvedanatvamabhidheyam | anubhavaprasidhdaṁ ca svasaṁvedanatva kathamapahnuyeta ? taduktam -
apratyakṣopalambhasya nārthadṛṣṭiḥ prasidhdayati | iti|
alaṅkārakāro'pyāha -
parokṣaṁ yadi tat jñānaṁ jñātamityeva tatkutaḥ |
parokṣasya svarupaṁ kastasya lakṣayituṁ kṣamaḥ ||iti||
nanu sarvajñānānāṁ svasaṁvedanapratyakṣatve ghaṭo'yamityādivikalpajñānasya nirvikalpakatvaṁ, pītaśaṅkhādijñānasyābhrāntatvaṁ ca kathaṁ na bhavet ? ucyate - vikalpajñānamapi svātmani nirvikalpameva | ghaṭo'yamityanena bāhyamevārtha vikalpayati , na tvātmānam | taduktam -
śabdārthagrāhi yadyatra jñānaṁ tattatra kalpanā |
svarupaṁ ca na śabdārthastatrādhyakṣamato'khilam ||iti||
bhrāntamapyātmanyabhrāntaṁ svaprakāśarupeṇaivāvabhāsanāt | asadviṣayatvācca bhrāntirucyate | taduktam -
svarupe sarvamabhrāntaṁ pararupe viparyayaḥ |iti||
tasmādanyathā prakāśāsidhdeḥ yadyamī prakāśante , tadā svahetoreva prakāśasvabhāvādutpannāḥ santaḥ prakāśanta iti svīkartavyam ||
yogipratyakṣanirupaṇam
bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantajaṁ yogijñānaṁ ceti | yogaḥ samādhiḥ , cittaikāgratālakṣaṇaḥ | niśśeṣavastutatvavivecikā prajñā| yogo'syāstīti yogī | yogino yat jñānaṁ tatpratyakṣam | kīdṛśaṁ taditi cet ? bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantajam |bhūtārthaḥ pramāṇopapannārthaḥ | bhāvanā punaḥ punaścetasi samāropaḥ | bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantājjātaṁ yadvijñānaṁ tat kalpanāpoḍhabhrāntam | bhūtārthaścaturāryasatya duḥkhasamudayanirodhamārgasaṁjñakam , pañcaskandhasvabhāvaṁ kṣaṇikaśūnyanirātmakaduḥkhādirupatayā pratipattavyam | yatsat tat kṣaṇikamityādyanumānena pramāṇopapannamupagantavyamiti ||
nanu bhāvanā vikalpaḥ , vikalpaścāvastuviṣayaḥ , tatkathaṁ vastunaḥ sphuṭībhāvo bhavatu | kathaṁ vā vikalpo nirvikalpatāṁ vrajet ? kṣaṇikaṁ ca citaṁ kathamekāgrībhavati? viśeṣaśca kasya kena vā kriyatām ? śarīrī ca rāgādivirahānmuktaśceti sarvamasaṁgatam | atrocyate - avastuviṣayo'pi vikalpo vastvadhyavasyatīti bhāvanāto vastuna evātra sphuṭībhāvaḥ | na ca vikalpa eva nirvikalpakaḥ, kiṁ tu vikalpānnirvikalpakasyodayaḥ | anubhavasidhdaṁ caitat bhāvayatāṁ nirvikalpakapratibhāsanaṁ , kāmaśokādivat | na hi dṛṣṭe kiñcidanupapannaṁ nāma | kṣaṇikamapi cittaṁ sajātīyakṣaṇeṣu grahaṇapravīṇatvāt ekāgramucyate | kṣaṇikatvanaiva viśeṣotpattiḥ , na tu nityatvena , nityasyānādheyātiśayatvāt yaduktam -
nityaṁ tamāhurvidvāṁso yaḥ svabhāvo na naśyati|
tasya śaktiraśaktirvā yā svabhāvena saṁsthitā|
nityavādapi kiṁ tasya kastāṁ kṣapayituṁ kṣamaḥ ||iti||
yattu śarīritve sukhaduḥkhayorbhāvādanugrahanigrahāt śarīrī rāgādivirahānmukta śceti vighaṭanamuktaṁ , tadayuktam | na hi śarīraṁ rāgādihetuḥ , kiṁ tu avidyā | anitye nityamiti , anātmanyātmeti , duḥkhe sukhamiti, aśucau śuciteti , caturvipayāsasvabhāvā mithyopalabdhiḥ | ata eva viṣayasukhatṛṣṇā syāt | ātmānaṁ nityaṁ paśyata eva sukhābhikāṅkṣaṇādisukhaheturātmīyaḥ syāt | eṣu cā''saṅgo rāgaḥ | etatpratibandhāśca dveṣādayaḥ | tasmādavidyaiva mūlaṁ rāgāderna tu śarīram | satyapi śarīre yadyavidyā na syāt , kuta eva rāgādiyogāḥ ? tasmājjīvaccharīre satyapi avidyāvirahāt sarvasaṅgavirahalakṣaṇā muktirvītarāgāṇāṁ bhavatīti sarvaṁ susthitam |
pratyakṣasya svalakṣaṇāviṣayatvasamarthanam
tasya viṣayaḥ svalakṣaṇam | tasya caturvidhasya pratyakṣasya svalakṣaṇaṁ viṣayo boddhavyaḥ | svalakṣaṇamityasādhāraṇaṁ vastusvarupaṁ deśakālākāraniyatam | etenaitaduktaṁ bhavati- ghaṭādirudakādyāharaṇasamartho deśakālākāraniyataḥ puraḥ prakāśamāno'nityatvādyanekadharmāntarodāsīnaḥ pravṛttiviṣayaḥ sajātīyavijātīyavyāvṛttaḥ svalakṣaṇamityarthaḥ |
ayogānyogavyavacchedayoḥ bhedaḥ
nanu yadi svalakṣaṇameva pratyakṣasya viṣayo na sāmānyaṁ tadānīṁ dhūmadahanasāmānyayorvyāptiḥ kathaṁ pratyakṣeṇa gṛhyatām ? nāyaṁ doṣaḥ | yato'yogavyavacchedena svalakṣaṇaṁ tasya viṣaya eva , na tvanyayogavyavacchedena svalakṣaṇameva tasya viṣaya iti | kiṁ tarhi , sāmānyamapyasya viṣayaḥ |
pramāṇa phala vyavasthā
dvividho hi pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ grāhyo'dhyavaseyaśca | tatra pratyakṣasya pratibhāsamānaṁ svalakṣaṇam eko grāhyaḥ | adhyavaseyastu pratyakṣapṛṣṭhabhāvino vikalpasya pratibhāsamānaṁ sāmānyameva | tacca sāmānyaṁ dvividham , ūrdhvatālakṣaṇaṁ tiryaglakṣaṇaṁ ceti | tatraikasyāmeva ghaṭādivyaktau sajātīyavyāvṛttāyāmanekakṣaṇasamudāyaḥ sāmānyaṁ ūrdhvatālakṣaṇaṁ sādhanapratyakṣasya viṣayaḥ | vijātīyavyāvṛttāstvanekavyaktayaḥ tiryaksāmānyaṁ vyāptigrāhakapratyakṣasya viṣayaḥ | anumānasya tu sāmānyaṁ grāhyaṁ , adhyavaseyastu svalakṣaṇameva | pratyakṣasya svalakṣaṇaviṣayapratipādane paroktāḥ ṣaṭ padārthā na viṣayā ityuktam yathā - avayavidravyaṁ , guṇaḥ, karma, sāmānyaṁ, viśeṣaḥ, samavāyaśceti| na caiṣāṁ pratyakṣe jñāne pratibhāso'sti | na cāpratibhāsamāno viṣayo yujyate, atiprasaṅgāt | tathā hi - ghaṭādau paridṛśyamāne pūrvāparādibhāgaṁ vihāya nānyatkiñcidekamavayavidravyamupalabhāmahe | yadāha nyāyaparameśvaraḥ -
bhāgā eva hi bhāsante sanniviṣṭāstathā tathā|
tadvānnaiva punaḥ kaścidvibhāgaḥ sampratīyate ||iti||
evaṁ guṇakarmādīnāṁ ca duṣaṇaṁ pratyetabyam ||
pramāṇaphalāvabodhaḥ
nanu pramitirupāṁ kriyāṁ phalabhūtāṁ niṣpādayajjñānaṁ pramāṇamiti prasiddham | tatra kā'sau pramitiḥ , yāṁ janajjñānaṁ pramāṇamiti cet ? ucyate -iha nīlāderarthāt jñānaṁ dvirupamutpadyate nīlākāraṁ , nīlabodhasvabhāvaṁ ca | tatrānīlākāravyāvṛtyā nīlākāraṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇam | anīlabodhavyāvṛtyā nīlabodharupaṁ pramitiḥ | saiva phalam | yathoktam -
arthasārupyamasya pramāṇam ,
arthādhigatiḥ pramāṇaphalam | iti||
etacca vikalpapratyayena bhinnaṁ vyavasthāpyate paramārthatastu nāstyeva bhedaḥ | yathoktam -
tadeva pratyakṣaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇafalam | iti||
pramāṇatatphalayorabhedaḥ
sākāraṁ cedaṁ jñānameṣṭavyam | yadi punaḥ sākāraṁ jñānaṁ neṣyate , tadā'nākāratvena sarvatra viṣaye tulyatvāt vibhāgena viṣayavyavasthā na sidhyati| yatpunaḥ kecidāhuḥ-pūrvaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇaṁ uttaraṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇaphalamiti , tanna yuktam | tathā hi prathamakṣaṇabhāvi tāvajjñānaṁ pramāṇaphalabhūtasya dvitīyajñānasyānutpatteḥ ,phalabhūtajñānotpattau ca pūrvasya kṣaṇikatvena vināśāt kathaṁ ghaṭādiviṣayaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇaṁ bhavati ? nāpi samānakālabhāvi jñānaṁ phalamucitam , upakāryopakārakatvābhāvāt , savyetaragoviṣāṇayoriva |[tasmāt paramārthataḥ pramāṇaphalayornāsti bhedaḥ| kālpanikastu vyāvṛttikṛto bhedaḥ vikalpabuddhau vyavasthāpyate] ||
iti tarkabhāṣāyāṁ pratyakṣaparicchedaḥ prathamaḥ samāptaḥ ||
svārthānumānam
anumānasya dvaividhyam svārthānumānalakṣaṇam
anumānaṁ dvividham - svārthaṁ parārthaṁ ca | svasmai yattat svārthamanumānaṁ jñānātmakam | parvatādau dharmiṇi dhūmādikaṁ dṛṣṭvā yasya pratipattuḥ vahnijñānamutpadyate, sa eva tena jñānena parokṣamarthaṁ pratipadyate nānya iti svārthānumānamucyate | parasmai yattat parārtham | parārthānumānaṁ vacanātmakam | trirupaliṅgapratipādakaṁ vacanaṁ paraṁ pratipādayati jñāpayatīti kṛtvā vacanamapyanumānaśabdenocyate, upacārāt , yathā āyurghṛtamiti |
anumānasya kāryam
tatra svārtha trirupaliṅgādyadanumeye jñānam | rupatrayayuktālliṅgādanumeye parokṣaviṣaye yad jñānaṁ rpatipatturutpadyate , tat svārthānumānam | tacca dharmaviśeṣa sambandhitayā sādhyāvinābhāvitvaniścaya ityeke | agnyadhyavasāya ityanye |
liṅgasya trirupatvam
samprati liṅgasya trirupatvamucyate - anumeye satvameva niścitam | anumeye parvatādau dharmiṇi liṅgasyāstitvameva niścitaṁ , tadekaṁ rupaṁ pakṣadharmatāsaṁjñakam | atra sattvagrahaṇenāsidhdasya nirāsaḥ , yathā -anityaśśabdaścākṣuṣatvāt , cākṣuṣatvaṁ cakṣurvijñānagrāhyatvamucyate , tacca śabde dharmiṇi nāsti | evakāreṇa pakṣaikadeśāsidhdasya nirāsaḥ , yathā digambaraprayogaḥ - cetanāstaravaḥ svāpāt | patrasaṅkocalakṣaṇo hi svāpaḥ , sa ca sarveṣu taruṣvasidhdaḥ | niścitagrahaṇena sandigdhāsiddhasya nirāsaḥ , yathā - agniratra vāṣpāditvena sandihyamānād bhūtasaṁghātāt | satvaśabdātpaścādevakāreṇa asādhāraṇasya nirāsaḥ , yathā- anityaśśabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvāt ghaṭavat ||
sapakṣanirupaṇam
sapakṣa eva sattvaṁ niścitamiti vartate| samānaḥ pakṣaḥ sapakṣaḥ | pakṣeṇa saha sadṛśo dṛṣṭāntadharmītyarthaḥ | sapakṣa eva satvaṁ niścitamityanvayasaṁjñakaṁ dvitīyaṁ rupam | atra sattvagrahaṇena virudhdasya nirāsaḥ , yathā - śabdo nityaḥ kṛtakatvāt ghaṭavat | kṛtakatva hi nityatvavipakṣeṇānityatvena vyāptamiti virudhdamucyate | evakāreṇa sādhāraṇasya nirāsaḥ , yathā - nityaśśabdaḥ prameyatvāt ghaṭavat | prameyatvaṁ hi vikalpaviṣayīkṛtatvam , tacca sapakṣe ākāśādau vipakṣe ca ghaṭādau sarvatrāstīti sādhāraṇamucyate | sattvaśabdāt pūrvasminnevakāreṇa sarvasapakṣāvyāpino'pi prayatnānantarīyakasya hetutvaṁ kathitam | yathā - anityaśśavdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvādghaṭavadvidyudvat | niścitagrahaṇena sandigdhānvayasya nirāsaḥ , yathā - asarvajño'yaṁ kaścit vaktṛtvādiṣṭapuru ṣavat | iṣṭapuruṣe sapakṣe ca vaktṛtvamasarvajñatvena vyāptamavyāptaṁ vā na jñāyate ||
vipakṣanirupaṇam
asapakṣe cāsattvameva niścitam | na sapakṣo'sapakṣaḥ | tatrāsattvameva niścitaṁ vyatirekasaṁjñakaṁ tṛtīyaṁ rupam | atrāpyasattvagrahaṇena virudhdasya nirāsaḥ | yathā nityaśśabdaḥ kṛtakatvādghaṭavat | virudhdo hi vipakṣe'sti | evakāreṇa sādhāraṇasya vipakṣaikadeśavṛtternirāsaḥ | prayatnānantarīyakatve sādhye anityatvaṁ vipakṣaikadeśe vidhudādāvasti | ākāśādau nāsti | tato niyamenāsya nirāsaḥ | asattvavacanātpūrvasminnavadhāraṇe ayamarthaḥ syāt | vipakṣa eva yo nāsti sa hetuḥ | tathā ca prayatnānantarīyakatvaṁ sapakṣe'pi nāsti , tato na hetuḥ syāt , tataḥ pūrva na kṛtamiti | niścitagrahaṇena sandigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikasya nirāsaḥ | yathā'vītarāgo'yaṁ puruṣo vaktṛtvāt , rathyāpuruṣavat | yatrā'vītarāgatvaṁ nāsti tatra vaktṛtvamapi nāsti , yathopalakhaṇḍe | yadi nāma pāṣaṇakhaṇḍādubhayaṁ vyāvṛttaṁ tathāpi na jñāyate kimavītarāgatvanivṛttyā pāṣaṇakhaṇḍādbaktṛtvaṁ nivṛttaṁ , ahosvit svata eveti| tataḥ sandigdhavyatireko'yamanaikāntikaḥ | asattvaśabdātpaścādevakāreṇa vipakṣaikadeśavṛtternirāsaḥ | yathā - prayatnānantarīyakaśśabdo'nityatvāt | anityatvaṁ vipakṣādākāśānnivṛttaṁ , na vidyutaḥ | tato vipakṣaikadeśavṛttitvamasya||
trirupaprayogasya prayojanam
nanu sapakṣa eva sattyamityukte sāmārthyādevāsapakṣe cāsattvamiti gamyate | tatkimarthamubhayorupādanamiti cet ? vipakṣaniyamārthamiti pūrvavṛddhāḥ | te ca trividha eva vipakṣo bhavatīti manyante | sādhyābhāvamātraṁ , sādhyādanyaḥ , sādhyena saha viruddhaśca prayoganiyamārthamiti kecit | anvayaprayogo vyatirekaprayogo vā niyamavānekaḥ prayoktavyo na dvāvapīti | sādharmyavaidharmyaprayogasūcanārthamiti kecit|
triliṅgabhedanirupaṇam
trirupāṇi ca trīṇyeva liṅgāni | trīṇi rupāṇi yeṣāṁ tāni trirupāṇi trīṇyeva liṅgāni | kāryaṁ trirupaṁ liṅgam | svābhāvastrirupaṁ liṅgam | anupalabdhistrirupaṁ liṅgam | sādhanaṁ jñāpakaṁ heturvyāpyaṁ ceti liṅgāparanāmāni |
kāryahetunirupaṇam
tatra kāryaṁ yathā - yatra dhūmastatrāgniryathā mahānase , dhūmaścātreti | vyāptipakṣadharmatāsaṁjñakaṁ dvayavayavameva sādhanavākyaṁ saugatānām | anye tu pratijñāhetudṛṣṭāntopanayanigamanaṁ ceti pañcāvayavaṁ sādhanavākyamāhuḥ | upanyāsaścedṛśaḥ - agniratra , dhūmāt , yatra dhūmastatrāgniryathā mahānase , tathā cāyaṁ, tasmādagniriti | etaccāyuktam | pratijñāvacanamātrātsambandharahitāt sādhyapratipatterayogāt | sambandhābhāvastu śabdārthayoḥ sambandhadūṣaṇe pratipāditatvānna punarucyate | pratijñāmantareṇa pañcapyantahetuprayogo'pyayuktaḥ | hetuṁ vinopanayadṛṣṭāntāvapyayuktau| yatra pratijñaiva nāsti tatra pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṁ nigamanaṁ kuto bhaviṣyatīti sarvamāmūlaṁ viśīrṇam |
kāryasambandhanirapaṇam
ayaṁ ca kāryaheturviṣayabhedena trividhaḥ | agnyādau sādhye dhūmādiḥ trividhapratyakṣānupalambhena niścetavyaḥ | cakṣurādau sādhye jñānaṁ kādācitkāryotpādānniścīyate | rupādau sādhye rasādirekasāmagryadhīnatayā niścīyate, yathā mātuluṅgafale rasādrūpānumānam | na rupādrasānumānam | atra rupe janayitavye pūrvakaṁ rupamupādānam | rasastu sahakārikāraṇam | pūrvapuñjāduttarapuñjasyotpattau nyāya eṣaḥ | nanūpādānasahakārikāraṇayoranvayavyatirekānuvidhānasya kāryaṁ prati tulyatvātko bhedaḥ ? ucyate, yadvikriyayā yanniṣpattirekasantāne tatkāryaṁ pratipūrvakamupādānam | yatsantānāntare viśeṣodayanimittaṁ tatsahakārikāraṇam | yathā śālyaṅkure janayitavye śālibījamupādānam , kṣitisalilādi tatra sahakāri | tadevaṁ kāryahetustadutpattisambandhād gamaka iti sthitam ||
svabhāvahetunirupaṇam
svabhāvo yathā - svabhāvaḥ svasattāmātrabhāvini sādhyadharme yo heturucyate sa tasya sādhyasya dharmasya svabhāvo boddhavyaḥ | yathā- vṛkṣavyavahārayogyo'yaṁ śiṁśapāvyavahārayogyatvāt | ayamiti puraḥ paridṛśyamānaḥ padārtho dharmī | śiṁśapāvyavahārayogyatvāditi hetuḥ | śiṁśapāvyavahārayogyatvāditi ko'rthaḥ ? śākhāpatravarṇasaṁsthānaviśeṣavyavahārayogyatvādityarthaḥ | vṛkṣavyavahārayogyatvaṁ sādhyam| nanvekatve sādhyasādhanabhāvo na yuktaḥ , pratijñārthaikadeśatvāt ? na | abhede'pi kaścitpratipattā śiṁśapāvyavahāraṁ kṛtvā tatra vṛkṣavyavahāraṁ prāk kṛtamapi vyāmohāt kiñcidāropya punarna karoti | sa idāniṁ svabhāvahetunā vyavahāryate | tasmādetayoḥ paramārthata ekatve'pi vikalpabuddhau vyāvṛttisamāśrayeṇa samutpannāyāṁ bhedena pratibhāsanāt sādhyasādhanatvaṁ na virudhyata iti ||
anupalabdhihetunirupaṇam
anupalabdhiryathā - nāstīha pradeśe ghaṭaḥ , upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdheḥ | upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyeti dṛśyasyetyarthaḥ |
nanvasataḥ kathaṁ dṛśyatā ? ekendriyajñānagrāhyo pradeśādāvupalabhyamāne yadi ghaṭaḥ syāt dṛśya eva bhavediti| upalambhapratyayāntarasākalyāt dṛśtayā sambhāvitaḥ , na tu dṛśya eva | tasyānupalabdheriti hetuḥ | sa caikajñānasaṁsargipadārthādekajñānasaṁsargipadārthopalambhādvā niścīyata iti tadubhayaṁ karmakartṛbhāvena paryudāsavṛttyā anupalabdhirucyate , na tu prasajyavṛttyā upalabdhinivṛttimātram | taddhi svayameva na kiñciditi kathaṁ sādhanaṁ syāt | nāpi pratiṣedhyādanyasya jñānamātram , rupopalambhādapi nāraṅgarasaniṣedhaprasaṅgāt | tasmānniṣedhyādanyadviśiṣṭameva vastudvayaṁ pradeśaḥ pradeśajñānaṁ vā'nupalabdhiriti sthitam |
abhāvo'sādhyaḥ
ata evābhāvo na sādhyate | tasya ghaṭaviviktapradeśagrāhiṇā pratyakṣeṇaiva siddhatvāt | abhāvavyavahārastu mṛḍhaṁ prati anulambhena sādhyate | tathā hi - kaścinmūḍho rajaḥprabhṛtiṣu sāṁkhyaprasiddheṣu guṇeṣvanupalambhena pravarttitābhāvabyavahāro'pi punaḥ sarvaṁ sarvatrāstīti svasiddhāntābhyāsāt kvā'pi pradeśādau ghaṭānupalambhe satyapi nābhāvavyavahāraṁ karotītyanupalambhena trividho vyavahāraḥ kāryate | tatra niḥ śaṅkagamanāgamanalakṣaṇaḥ kāyiko vyavahāraḥ | ghaṭo nāstīti vācikaḥ | īdṛśa eva antarjalpākāro mānasikaśceti |
anupalabdhertādātmyatadutpattisambandhanirupaṇam
anupalambhasya karmadharmapakṣe sādhyena saha [sādṛśye] tādātmyalakṣaṇa eva sambandho boddhavyaḥ | kartṛdharmapakṣe tu tadutpattiḥ | tathā hi - ghaṭaviviktapradeśaḥ pradeśajñānaṁ vā'nupalabdhirityuktam | asadvyavahārayogyatvaṁ ca tasya svabhāvaḥ [na kārya ] jñānaṁ tu pradeśasya kāryamiti ||
anupalabdhervyapadeśaḥ
nanu yadyanupalabdherapi tādātmyatadutpattī eva sambandhau , kathaṁ tarhi kāryasvabhāvābhyāmanupalabdherbhedaḥ ? pratiṣedhasādhanāt bhedau na vastutaḥ | yathoktamācāryeṇa -
atra dvau vastusādhanau , ekaḥ pratiṣedhahetuḥ iti |
upalavdhilakṣaṇaprāptatvaviśiṣṭena deśavipakṛṣṭe sumervādau kālaviprakṛṣṭe bhaviṣyacchaṅkhacakravartyādau svabhāvaviprakṛṣṭe piśācādāvanupalambhamātrasambhave'pi nābhāvavyavahāra ityuktaṁ bhavati |
anupalabdhervartamānakāle anāgatakāle ca pramāṇam
iyaṁ cānupalabdhirvartamānakāle pramāṇaṁ viśiṣṭasmaraṇasadbhāve'tītakāle ca , anāgatakāletvanupalabdhiḥ svayameva sandigdharupā | tato na pramāṇam | [anayā'nulabdhyā'bhāvavyahāraḥ sādhyate, na tvabhāvaḥ | tasya pratyakṣeṇaiva sidhdatvādityuktaṁ prāk ] yathā''hanyāyavādī -
amūḍhasmṛtisaṁskārasyātītasya vartamānasya ca pratipattṛpratyakṣasya
nivṛttiranupalabdhi rabhāvavyavahārasādhanī iti|
anupalabdhibhedāḥ
tatra yadā dūratvānniṣedhyasyāyogyadeśatvaṁ syāt , tadā dṛśyānupalabdhiḥ sākṣātprayoktuṁ na śakyata iti kāryānupalabdhyādayaḥ prayujyante | ata eveyaṁ prayogabhedena ṣoḍaśadhā bhavati | (1) tatra svabhāvānupalabdhiryathā- nāstyatra dhūmaḥ , upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdheḥ | pratiṣedhyasya dhūmasya yaḥ svabhāvaḥ tasyehānupalabdhiḥ | (2) kāryānupalabdhiryathā- nehāpratibaddhasāmarthyāni dhūmakāraṇāni santi , dhūmābhāvāt | pratiṣedhyānāṁ hi dhūmakāraṇānāṁ kārya dhūmaḥ , tasyehānupalabdhiḥ | (3) kāraṇānupalavdhiryathā- nāstyatra dhūmaḥ dahanābhāvāt | pratiṣedhyasya dhūmasya kāraṇaṁ dahanaḥ , tasyehānupalabdhiḥ | (4) vyāpakānupalabdhiryathā - nātra śiṁśapā , vṛkṣābhāvāt | pratiṣedhyāyāḥ śiṁpāyāḥ vyāpako vṛkṣaḥ , tāsyehānupalabdhiḥ | (5) svabhāvaviruddhopalabdhiryathā- nātra śītasparśaḥ , vahneriti | pratiṣedhyasy śītasparśasya yaḥ
svabhāvaḥ tasya virudhdo vahniḥ tasya cehopalabdhiḥ |(6) kāryaviruddhopalavdiryathā -nehāpratibadhdasāmarthyāni śītakāraṇāni santi , vahneriti| antyadaśāprāptameva kāraṇaṁ kāryaṁ janayati , na sarvaṁ kāraṇām , tato viśeṣaṇopādānam | pratiṣedhyānāṁ śītakāraṇānāṁ kāryaṁ śītaṁ , tasya viruddho vahniḥ , tasyehopalabdhiḥ | (7) kāraṇaviruddhopalabdhiryathā -nāsya romaharṣādiviśeṣāḥ santi , sannihitadahanaviśeṣatvāt | pratiṣedhyānāṁ romaharṣādiviśeṣāṇāṁ kāraṇaṁ śīta , tasya viruddho dahanaviśeṣaḥ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ | (8) vyāpakaviruddhopalavdhiryathā - nātra tuṣārasparśaḥ , dahanāt | pratiṣedhyasya tuṣārasparśasya vyāpakaṁ śītaṁ , tasya viruddho dahanaviśeṣaḥ tasyehopalabdhiḥ | (9) svabhāvaviruddhakāryopalabdhiryathā, nātra śītasparśaḥ, dhūmāt | pratiṣedhyasya śītasparśasya yaḥ svabhāvastasya viruddho'gniḥ, tasya kārya dhūmaḥ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ | (10) kāryaviruddhakāryopalabdhiryathā-nehāpratibadhdasāmarthyāni śītakāraṁṇāni santi dhūmāditi | pratiṣedhyānāṁ śītakāraṇānāṁ kāryaṁ śītaṁ , tasya viruddho vahniḥ , tasya kāryaṁ dhūmaḥ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ | (11) kāraṇaviruddhakāryopalabdhiryathā -na romaharṣādiviśeṣayukta sparśavānayaṁ pradeśo dhūmāditi | pratiṣedhyānāṁ hi romaharṣādisparśaviśeṣāṇāṁ kāraṇaṁ śītam , tasya viruddho'gniḥ , tasya kāryaṁ dhūmaḥ, tasya cehopalabdhiḥ | (12) vyāpakaviruddhakāryopalabdhiryathā - nātra tuṣārasparśaḥ , dhūmāditi | niṣedhyasya tuṣārasparśasya vyāpakaṁ śītam , tasya viruddho'gniḥ , tasya kāryaṁ dhūmaḥ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ |
(13) svabhāvaviruddhavyāptopalabdhiryathā - nātra vahniḥ , tuṣārasparśāt | pratiṣedhyasya hi vahneryaḥ svabhāvastasya viruddhaṁ śītam , tena vyāptastuṣārasparśaḥ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ | (14) kāryaviruddha - vyāptopalabdhiryathā - nehāpratibaddhasāmarthyāni vahnikāraṇāni santi , tuṣārasparśāditi | pratiṣedhyānāṁ vahnikāraṇānāṁ kāryaṁ vahniḥ , tasya viruddhaṁ śītam , tena vyāptastuṣārasparśaḥ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ | (15) kāraṇaviruddhavyāptopalabdhiryathā - nātra dhūmastuṣārasparśāditi | pratiṣedhyasya dhūmasya yatkāraṇamagniḥ , tasya viruddhaṁ śītam , tena vyāptastuṣārasparśaḥ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ|
(16) vyāpakaviruddha -vyāptopalabdhiryathā - nāyaṁ nityaḥ , kadācitkāryakāritvāt | pratiṣedhyasya nityatvasya niratiśayatvaṁ vyāpakaṁ, tasya viruddhaṁ sātiśayatvaṁ , tena vyāptaṁ kadācitkāryakāritvaṁ , tasya cehopalabdhiḥ |
ete ca kāryānupalabdhyādayaḥ pañcadaśa prayogāḥ svabhāvānupalabdhisvabhāvā eva pratipattavyāḥ | prayuktibhedena paraṁ bhedaḥ | tatra svabhāvānupalambhenāsad vyavahārayogyatvaṁ sādhyate, na tvābhāvaḥ | tasya ca pratyakṣeṇaiva siddhatvāt | aparaiśca sarvairabhāvo'bhāvabyavahāraśca sādhyate , teṣāṁ parokṣaviṣayatvāt ||
iti tarkabhāṣāyāṁ svārthānumānaparicchedo dvitīyaḥ samāptaḥ ||
parārthānumānam
parārthānumānalakṣaṇam
trirupaliṅgākhyānaṁ parārthānumānam | anvayavyatirekapakṣadharmatāsaṁjñakāni trīṇi rupāṇi, yena vacanena prakhyāpyante tadvacanamupacārādanumānaśabdenocyate||
tasya dvaividhyam
tad dvividham sādharmyavadvaidharmyavacca | sādhyadharmidṛṣṭāntadhamiṇorhetu sattākṛtaṁ sādṛśyaṁ sādharmyam | tadyasyāsti tat sādharmyavat sādhanavākyam | sādhyadharmidṛṣṭāntadharmiṇorhetusattākṛtaṁ vaisādṛśyaṁ vaidharmyam | tadyasyāsti tadvaidharmyavata sādhanavākyam |
svabhāvahetossādharmyavatprayoganirupaṇam , saṁskṛtasya sarvasya kṣaṇika tvasamarthanaṁ ca
tatra svabhāvahetoḥ sādharmyavantaṁ prayogaṁ darśayituṁ sautrāntikamatamāśritya bhagavatā yaduktaṁ -
'saṁskṛtaṁ kṣaṇikaṁ sarvaṁ ' iti|
tad vyutpādyate | sametya sambhūya hetupratyayaiḥ kṛtaṁ vastujātaṁ saṁskṛtam| kṣaṇikamiti utpattikṣaṇa eva sattvāt |
sarvasaṁkṛtavināśanirupaṇam
' sarvaṁ tāvat ghaṭādikaṁ vastu mudgarādisannidhau nāśaṁ gacchat dṛśyate | tatra yena svarupeṇa antyāvasthāyāṁ ghaṭādikaṁ vinaśyati taccet svarupamutpannamātrasya vidyate tadānīmutpādānantarameva tena vinaṣṭavyamiti vyaktamasya kṣaṇikatvam |'
athedṛśa eva svabhāvastasya svahetorjātaḥ , yat kiyantaṁ kālaṁ sthitvā vinaśyatīti |
' evaṁ tarhi mudgarādisannidhāne ca eṣa eva asya svabhava iti punarapyanena tāvantameva kālaṁ sthātavyam , punarapyevamiti naiva vinaśyediti | tasmāt kṣaṇadvayasthāyitvenāpyutpattau prathamakṣaṇavad dvitīyakṣaṇe'pi kṣaṇadvayasthāyitvāt punaraparaṁ kṣaṇadvayamavatiṣṭheta | evaṁ tṛtīye'pi kṣaṇe tatsvabhāvatvānnaiva vinaśyatīti |'
syādetat , sthāvarameva tadvastu svahetorjātam , balena virodhakena mudgarādinā vināśyata iti ? tadasat , kathaṁ punaretadyujyate, na ca tadvinaśyati sthāvaratvāt , vināśaśca tasya virodhina balena kriyata iti ? na hyetatsambhavati jīvati devadatto maraṇaṁ cāsya bhavatīti |
atha vinaśyati , kathaṁ tarhyavinaśvaraṁ tadvastu svahetorjātam ? na hi mriyate cāmaraṇadharmā ceti yujyate vaktum | tasmādanaśvaratve kadācidapi naśāyogāt , dṛṣṭatvācca nāśasya , naśvarameva tadvastu svahetorupajāta ityaṅgīkurmaḥ | tasmādutpannamātrameva vinaśyati | tatha ca kṣaṇakṣayitvaṁ sidhdaṁ bhavati | prayogaḥ punarevaṁ kartavyaḥ - yadyat vinaśvarasvarupaṁ tattadanantarānavasthāyi yathā antyakṣaṇavartighaṭasya svarupam | vinaśvararupaṁ ca rupādikamudayakāla iti svabhāvahetuḥ |
nirviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetoḥ prayogaḥ
yadi kṣaṇakṣayiṇo bhāvāḥ, kathaṁ tarhi sa evāyamiti pratyabhijñānaṁ syāt ? ucyate - nirantarasadṛśāparāparotpādādavidyānubandhācca pūrvakṣaṇavināśakāla eva tatsadṛśaṁ kṣaṇāntaramudayate | tenākāreṇa vailakṣaṇyasyābhāvād bhāvena cāvyavadhānāt bhede'pi sa evāyamityabhedādhyavasāyapratyayaḥ pṛthagjanānāṁ prasūyate | atyantabhinneṣvapi ca lūnapunarjātakuśakeśādiṣvapi dṛṣṭa eva sa evāyamiti pratyayaḥ | tathehāpi kiṁ na sambhāvyate? tasmātsarva saṁskṛtaṁ kṣaṇikamiti sidhdamevaitat nirviśeṣaṇasya svabhāvahetorayaṁ prayoga iti ||
tathā'paro'pi nirviśeṣaṇaprayogaḥ - yatsat tatsarvamanityaṁ , yathā ghaṭaḥ | santaścāmī pramāṇapratītāḥ | tathā'paro'pi vedasya pauruṣayatvasādhanāya svabhāvahetuḥ| yadvākyaṁ tatpauruṣeyaṁ , yathā rathyāpuruṣa vākyam | vākyaṁ cedam -
'agnihotraṁ juhuyātsvargakāma' iti|
saviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetoḥ prayogaḥ
saviśeṣaṇaprayogo yathā - yadyadutpattimat tatsarvamanityaṁ , yathā ghaṭaḥ | utpattimāṁśca śabdaḥ | anutpannebhyo vyāvṛtto bhāva utpanna ucyate | yadā saiva vyāvṛttirvyāvṛttyantaravyavacchedena vyatiriktocyate bhāvasyotpattiriti tadā kalpitena bhedena svabhāvabhūtadharmeṇa viśiṣṭaḥ svabhāvo hetuḥ |
bhinnaviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetoḥ prayogaḥ
tathā bhinnaviśeṣaṇasya prayogaḥ - yatkṛtakaṁ tadanityaṁ yathā ghaṭaḥ, kṛtakaśca śabdaḥ |
nanu citraguriti bhinnaviśeṣaṇasya prayogaḥ , yathā cātra citragośabde bhinnaviśeṣaṇavācako'sti na tathā kṛtakaśabde bhinnaviśeṣaṇavācakaṁ kimapyasti | tatkathaṁ bhinnaviśeṣaṇasyodāharaṇamiti ced ? ucyate - apekṣitaparavyāpāro hi svabhāvaniṣpattau bhāvaḥ kṛtakaḥ ityucyate | tatraḥ kṛtakaśabdaḥ paravyāpārasāpekṣaṁ svabhābaṁ prakṛtyaiva vadan bhinnaviśeṣaṇamevāha ||
prayuktabhinnaviśeṣaṇasvabhāvahetoḥ prayogaḥ
prayuktabhinnaviśeṣaṇasya svabhāvasya prayogaḥ - yaḥ pratyayabhedabhedī sa kṛtakaḥ , yathā dhūmaḥ , pratyayabhedabhedī ca śabdaḥ | pratyayaḥ kāraṇaṁ , tasya bhedastena bhettuṁ śīlaṁ yasya sa pratyayabhedabhedī | kāraṇamahattvena mahattvaṁ kāraṇālpatvenālpatvaṁ yasyetyarthaḥ pratyayabhedabhediśabdasya bhinnaviśeṣaṇavācakasyātra prayuktatvāt prayuktabhinnaviśeṣaṇo'yam | svabhāvahetoḥ nānāprabhedadarśanaṁ ca vyāmohanivṛttaye dharmabhedakalpanayāpi svabhāvahetureva prayujyata iti pratipādayitum |
svabhāvahetorvaidharmyavatprayoganirupaṇam
svabhāvahetorvaidharmyavān prayogo yathā - yadyadā'nantarānavasthāyi na bhavati na tattadā vinaśvararupaṁ, yathā''kāśam | vinaśvararupaṁ ca rupādikamudayakāle | vyatirekaprayoge sādhanābhāvena sādhyābhāvasya vyāptatvāt sādhyābhāvaḥ sādhanābhāve niyato bhavatīti bodhdavyam | tathā'paro'pi vaidharmyavān prayogaḥ - yatra kṣaṇikatvaṁ nāsti tatra sattvamapi nāsti, yathā gaganāravinde | saṁśca śabdaḥ | tathā yatrānityatvaṁ nivṛttaṁ tatrotpattimattvamapi, yathā kūrmaromṇi | utpattimāṁśca śabdaḥ | yatrānityatvaṁ nivṛttaṁ tatra kṛtakamapi, yathā śaśaśriṅge| kṛtakaśca śabdaḥ | yatra kṛtakatvaṁ nāsti tatra pratyayabhedabheditvamapi nāsti, yathā gagane | pratyayabhedabhedī ca śabda iti||
kāryahetoḥ sādharmyavadvaidharmyavatprayoganirupaṇam
kāryahetoḥ sādharmyavān prayogo yathā - yatra yatra dhūmastatra tatrāgniḥ, yathā mahānase , dhūmaścātra| kāryaheturapi pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṁ sidhda eva kāryakāraṇabhāve sati kāraṇe sādhye prayoktavyaḥ | vaidharmyaprayogo yathā asatyagnau na bhavatyeva dhūmaḥ yathā - mahāhrade| asti ceha dhūma iti|
anupalabdhessādharmyavad prayogaḥ
anupalabdheḥ sādharmyavan prayogo'vayavinirākaraṇāya yathā - yadyatropalavdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṁ sannopalabhyate tattatrāsadvyavahārayogyam , yathā naraśirasi śṛṅgam | nopalabhyate cātropalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaḥ parābhimato'vayavī ghaṭaśabdavācyeṣu kapāleṣu|
vaidharmyavatprayoganirupaṇam
anupalabdhervaidharmyavān prayogo yathā - yatsadupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṁ tadupalabhyata eva, yathā nīlādiviśeṣaḥ | neha upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasya sata upalabdhirghaṭasyeti|
sādhyasādhanayorvyāptiḥ
sarvatra sādharmyavati sādhanavākye sādhyena sādhanaṁ vyāptam | baidharmyavati [punaḥ] sādhanavākye sādhanābhāvena sādhyābhāvo vyāpta iti pratipattavyam| sādhanasya ca sādhye
niyatatvakathanaṁ sādhyābhāvasya sādhanābhāve niyatatvakathanaṁ nāma vyāptirabhidhīyate | tataḥ pramāṇena vyāptisidhdau satyāṁ nedaṁ kvāpi śaṅkanīyaṁ sādhanaṁ ca syāta, sādhyaṁ ca tatra dharmiṇi na syāditi |
parāṅgīkṛteśvarasādhakānumānasya nirasanam
yatra pramāṇena sarvopasaṁhāravatī vyāptireva na sidhdā , tatra śaṅkāprasaro'nivāryaḥ | yatheśvarasidhdau kāryatvānumāne | tathā hi teṣāṁ sādhanopanyāsaḥ | ihānyaḥ sarvajño bhagavān bhavatu vā mā bhūt , īśvaraḥ punassarvajñaḥ śakyate sādhayitum | tathā hi , loke trayaḥ khalu bhāvāḥ kecinniścitakartṛkāḥ , yathā ghaṭādayaḥ | kecinniścita- kartṛnivṛttayaḥ , yathā vyomādayaḥ | anye punaḥ sandigdhakartṛkāḥ , yathā kṣityādayaḥ | na punaretebhyo'nyaḥ prakāro'sti | tatra ye dṛśyamānotpattayo vanaspatyādayo ye ca cirotpannā viśvambharādayaḥ te sarve sandigdhakartṛtvena vyavatiṣṭhamānā budhdimatkartṛkāḥ kāryatvāt , ghaṭādivat | nāyamasidhdo hetuḥ , kāryatvasya sarvoṣāṁ pramāṇasidhdatvāt | nāpi virudhdaḥ , sapakṣe bhāvāt | na cānaikāntaḥ , sādhyaviparyaye bādhakapramāṇasadbhāvāt | tathāhi - kārya tāvat budhdimataḥ kumbhakārādupajāyamānaṁ bhūyodarśanasahāyena mānasa pratyakṣeṇopalabdham |
tadyadi budhdimantareṇāpi syāt tadānīṁ budhdimataḥ sakāśātkadācidapi nopajāyeta | kāraṇābhāve kāryasya sakṛdapyutpādāyogāt | tasmānnedaṁ kvāpi śaṅkanīyaṁ kāryaṁ ca syāt na budhdimaddhetukamiti | atredamabhidhīte - sādhanaṁ khalu sarvatra sādhyasādhanayoḥ sarvopasaṁhareṇa pramāṇena vyāptau sidhdāyāṁ sādhyaṁ gamayediti sarvavādisammatam | tatra yadi dṛsyaśarīraviśiṣṭena budhdimatā vyāptirgṛhyate tadā tathābhūtasādhyamantareṇāpi jāyamāne tṛṇādau kāryatvasya darśanāt prameyatvādivat sādhāraṇānaikāntiko'yaṁ hetuḥ | tṛṇādayaḥ pakṣīkṛtā ityapi na vaktavyam | na hi vyabhicāraviṣaya eva pakṣo bhavitumarhati-
'sandigdhe hetuvacanāt vyasto hetoranāśraya' iti nyāyāt |
athāśakyārohaṇe'pi parvate dahanamantareṇa ca dhūmadarśanāt , evaṁ dhūme'pi vyabhicāro vaktuṁ sulabha eva? tanna | aśakyārohaṇatvena parvate dahanasya draṣṭumaśakyatvāt yuktaṁ tatra sandigdhaviṣayatvam | prastute tu dṛśyaśarīraviśiṣṭena budhdimatā vyāptau gṛhyamāṇāyāṁ dṛśyānupalambhena budhdimato bādho bhavatīti yuktam | atha dṛśyaśarīreṇa budhdimanmātreṇa vā vyāptiravagamyate tadā adṛśyasya budhdimanmātrasya vā sādhyasya dṛśyānupalambhena vyatirekāsidhdeḥ sandigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttiko'yaṁ hetuḥ |
sādhyābhāvaprayuktasya sādhānābhāvasya [kāśadāva] sidhdatvena vyāpterabhāvāt tathā coktam jñānaśrīmitrapādaiḥ |
kāryatvasya vipakṣavṛttihataye sambhāvyate'tīndriyaḥ |
kartā cedvayatirekasidhdividhurā vyāptiḥ kathaṁ sidhyati ||
dṛśyo'tha vyatirekasidhdimanasā kartā samāśrīyate |
tattyogo'pi tadā tṛṇādikamiti vyaktaṁ vipakṣekṣaṇam ||
trilocanābhyupagatasya vahnidhūmayoḥ svābhāvavika sambandhavādasya nirasanam
yacca trilocanenoktam-
'yathā svābhāvikaḥ sambandho dhūmādīnāṁ vahnayādibhissaha tathā
kāryatvasya budhdimatā sārdham , tadupādheranupalabhyamānatvāt ,
kvacidvyabhicārasyādarśanāt ' iti|
tanna yuktam | yato'rthāntaraṁ kiñcidapekṣaṇīyamupādhiśabdenābhidhīyate | na cārthāntaramavaśyaṁ dṛśyaṁ syāt | adṛśyamapi deśakālasvabhāvaviprakṛsṭam sambhāvyate | ato dhūmasya dahanena saha sambandhe bhaviṣyatyupādhiḥ | na copalabhyata iti kathamadarśanamātreṇa nāstyevetyucyate | yadapyuktaṁ vyabhicārasyādarśanāditi sādhanaṁ , tadapi sandigdhāsidhdam | pratyayāntaravaikalyenāhatya vyabhicārasyādarśane'pi sarvatra niṣeddhumaśakyatvāt | na caitāvatā prāmaṇikalokayātrātikramaḥ | prāmāṇikaireva sādhakabādhakapramāṇābhāve saṁśayasya vihitatvāt | na ca caivaṁ saṁśayena sarvatrapravṛttiprasaṅgaḥ , pramāṇādarthasandehācca pravṛtterupapatteḥ | yadapyuktam -
'yathā'nyatvāviśeṣe'pi baudhdānāṁ kiñcideva vastu kāryaṁ syāt ,
kiñcideva kāraṇaṁ , na sarva, tathā mamāpyanyatvāviśeṣe'pi kiñcideva
dhūmādikaṁ vastu svābhāvika sambandhena sambadhdaṁ na sarvam' iti |
tanna yuktam |yathā dhūmākhyaṁ vastu dahanāyattamiti pramāṇasidhdiṁ tathā kiṁ svābhāvikasambandho'pi pramāṇasidhdaḥ , yenaivamucyate ? kiñca svābhāvikasambandha iti ko'rthaḥ ? kiṁ svato bhūtaḥ , svahetorvā bhūtaḥ ahetuko vā iti trayo vikalpāḥ | tatra na tāvadādyaḥ pakṣaḥ, svātmani kriyāvirodhāt | nāpi dvitīyaḥ , tadutpattisambandhasvīkāraprasaṅgāt | athāhetukaḥ , tadā deśakālasvabhāvaniyamābhāvādatīvāsaṅgataḥ svābhāvikasambandhavādaḥ |
kiñca sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa vā dṛṣṭāntamātramastīti na vyāptisidhdiḥ | yadṛcchayā militayorapi karabhagadarbhayostathābhāvaprasaṅgāt | tasmānnidarśanaṁ nāma [ dṛṣṭānta ucyate | sa ca ] gṛhītavismṛtapratibandhasādhaka pramāṇasmaraṇadvāreṇaiva hetāvupayujyate , na svasannidhimātreṇa | tathāhi -na tāvadākāśe sādhyābhāvena sadhanābhāvaḥ pratīyate | ākāśe hi yathā budhdimatkāraṇanivṛttistathā acetanasyāpi kāraṇasya nivṛttirnāstyeva | tatkasyābhāvaprayuktakāryatvābhāvaḥ pratīyatāṁ , yena sādhyābhāvaprayuktasādhanābhāva vyatirekaḥ sidhyatīti | nāpi ghaṭe kāryatvasya budhdimadanvayadarśanādākāśe'pi budhdimadabhāvādeva kāryatvābhāvo vaktuṁ yujyate, yasmādanayostādātmyaṁ tadutpattiranyo vā svābhāvikādisambandhaḥ pūrvapramāṇena na prasādhitaḥ syādityuktam|
adarśanamātreṇa vyatireko'sidhdaḥ
kiñcādarśanamātrena vyatireko na sidhyati | tathā hi , vipakṣe heturnopalabhyata ityanena tadupalambhakapramāṇa nivṛttirucyate| pramāṇaṁ ca prameyasya kāryam , ' nākāraṇaṁ viṣaya ' iti nyāyāt | na ca kāryanivṛttau kāraṇanivṛttiryujyate , nirdhūmasyāpi vahnerbhānāt | yadi punaḥ pramāṇasattayā prameyasattā vyāptā syāt , tadā yuktamevaitat | kevalamiyameva vyāptirasambhāvinī , sarvasya sarvadarśitvaprasaṅgāt | tasmānnādarśanamātreṇa vyatirekaḥ sidhyati |yathoktam -
'sarvā'dṛṣṭiśca sandigdhā svā'dṛṣṭirvyabhicāriṇī |
bhūjalāntargatasyāpi bījasyāsattvadarśanāt ||' iti ||
vācaspatimatanirasanam
yadapi vācaspatirāha -
' viśeṣasmṛtyapekṣa eva saṁśayo bhavati tato yathādarśanameva śaṅkitumucitam ' iti |
atrocyate - nāyaṁ nyāyaḥ sārvatrikaḥ | tathā cābhyupagamyāpi brūmaḥ | tathā hi - [ kāryatvadhūmatvayoḥ ] tādātmyatadutpattisambandha viyogitvena sādhāraṇena dharmeṇa prameyatvadhūmatvakāryatvādīnāṁ tanmatenāpi sajātīyatvam | tatra prameyatvasyavyabhicāradarśanamevānyatrāpi śaṅkāmupasthāpayatīti yathādarśanamevedamāśaṅkitam | ataḥ sandigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikatvaṁ nāma hetudūṣaṇaṁ durvārameva | etacca saddūṣaṇameva | ato yadanenoktam - ' nāyaṁ hetudoṣaḥ , ato na parihartavyaḥ, tasya copanyāso'doṣodbhāvanaṁ nāma nigrahasthānam ' iti | tadidānīṁ svamatenaivānena vādinā niranuyojyānuyogalakṣaṇena nigrahasthānenātmā bādhita ityupekṣaṇiyo'yaṁ devānāṁ priyaḥ ||
īśvarasādhakānumāne anupapattiḥ
nanu yadi dṛśyāgnidhūmasāmānyayoriva dṛśyātmanoreva kāryakāraṇasāmānyayoḥ pratyakṣānulambhato vyāptistadā santānāntarānumānaṁ na syāt , paracittasyādṛśyātmakatayā vyāptigrahaṇakāle'nantarbhāvāditi cet ? na | svasaṁvedanaṁ hi tatra vyāptigrāhakam | svasaṁvedanamātrāpekṣayā paricittasyāpi dṛśyatvāt | na caivaṁ vyāvahārikendriyapratyakṣamātrabudhdimanmātraṁ jaṭharacitrasādhāraṇaṁ vahnimātraṁ vā gocaro yujyate , yenāsyāpi dṛśyatā syāt | tasmāt dṛśyenaiva vahninā dhūmasya pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṁ vyāptiriti nyāyaḥ ||
kiñca yadi budhdimanmātrapūrvakatvamanena sādhyate , tadā sidhdasādhanatādūṣaṇaṁ sādhanasya | atha eko nityaḥ sarvajña ityādiviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭabudhdimatpūrvakatvaṁ sādhyate , tadā evaṁ viśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭena sādhyena saha kāryatvasya sādhanasya dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi pramāṇena vyāpterasidhderanaikāntikatvam | atha sāmānyena vyāptimādāya viśeṣasya pakṣadharmatābalāt sidhdirucyate ? tanna yuktam | yena sādhyagatena viśeṣaṇena vinā hetorvṛttirdharmiṇi na ghaṭate, tasya viśeṣasya pakṣadharmabalādyuktā sidhdiḥ | yathā dhūmāt parvatadeśavṛttitvasya dahanadharmasya , na tu tārṇatvādīnāṁ viśeṣāṇām | tārṇatāmantareṇāpi parvate dhūmadarśanāt | tadvad budhdimato'pi śarīrādivṛttitvaṁ yadi sidhyati, siddhyatu| na punaratyantavilakṣaṇaṁ sarvajñatvam | asarvajñatve'pi kāryatvasya sambhavāt | upādānādyabhijñatvādapi na sarvajñatvasidhdiḥ , ekatvasidhdau sidhtyetat | na caikatvaṁ sidhdam | anekakartṛpūrvakatve'pi kāryatvasya sambhavāt | yathā'nekakīṭikāniṣpāditaḥ śakramūrdhā | atha śakramūrdhno'pīśvarapūrvakatvaṁ sādhyaṁ , tarhi ghaṭasyāpīśvarapūrvakatvasidhdau kuto dṛṣṭāntatvam ? atha kumbhakārasya kartṛtvaṁ dṛṣṭaṁ kathamapākriyate ? kīṭakādīnāṁ ca hetutvaṁ dṛṣṭaṁ tadapi kathaṁ vāryate ? nāpi bahūnāṁ kāraṇatve vipratipattisambhāvanā , dṛṣṭatvādeveti | tasmāt sādhyasādhanayoḥ sarvopasaṁhāravatī vyāptirdṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi pramāṇenāvaśyaṁ darśayitavyeti sthitam | kiñca nityaikasarvajñe budhdimati sādhye virudhdo'pyeṣaḥ | anityānekāsarvajñena budhdimatā vyāptatvāt kāryatvasya | tathā hi , sādhyaviparyayasādhanādiha virudhda ucyate | ayaṁ ca sādhyaviparītaṁ sādhyatītyāstāṁ tāvat prastāvāyāteśvaradūṣaṇodbhāvanānibandhakaraṇam ||
sādharmyavaidharmyaprayogeṣu trairupyāsiddhyāśaṁṅkā tannirasanañca
nanu sādharmyavati sādhanavākye anvaya evoktaḥ na tu vyatirekaḥ | vaidharmyavati ca vyatireka evoktaḥ , na tvanvayaḥ | tatkathamābhyāṁ trirupaṁ liṅgaṁ kathyata iti cet , naiṣa doṣaḥ | yasmāt sādharmyavati ca sādhanavākye , upanyaste sāmarthyādeva vyatireko'vagamyate | vyatirekāgṛhītau ca sādhyābhāve'pi na sādhanābhāva iti viparyayaḥ sambhāvayitavyaḥ | evaṁ cānvayasyaivābhāvaḥ syāt | satyapi sādhane sādhyābhāvāditi sāmarthyam | tathā vaidharmyavati sādhanavākye upanyaste sāmarthyādevānvayo'vagamyate, anvayagṛhītau hi sādhanaṁ ca syāt sādhyaṁ ca na bhavediti viparyayaḥ sambhāvayitavyaḥ | evaṁ ca vyatireka eva na bhavet | sādhyābhāve'pi sādhanasya bhāvāditi sāmarthyam | tasmāt dvāvapi prayogau trirupaliṅgaprakāśakāvityadoṣaḥ ||
vyaptigrāhaka pramāṇanirupaṇam
samprati sādhyasādhanayorvyāptiḥ yatra dharmiṇi grahītavyā ,yena ca pramāṇena, tadubhayaṁ sukhāvabodhārtha kathyate - svabhāvahetoḥ sattvalakṣaṇasya kṣaṇikatvena vyāptiḥ sādhyadharmiṇyeva grahītavyeti kecit | teṣāmantarvyāptipakṣo'bhimataḥ | prasaṅgaprasaṅgaviparyayābhyāṁ dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi ghaṭādau vyāptirgrahītavyetyanye | teṣāṁ bahirvyāptipakṣo'bhimataḥ | sattvādanyeṣāṁ svabhāvahetūnāṁ kāryahetūnāmanupalambhahetūnāṁ ca dṛṣṭānta eva vyāptirgrahītavyā | tatra śiṁśipātvasya vṛkṣatvavyavahāre, sādhye dṛṣṭānte pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṁ vyāptirgrāhyā | sattvakṣaṇikatvayostu prasaṅgaprasaṅgaviparyayābhyāṁ pramāṇābhyāṁ , sādhyaviparyayabādhakapramāṇena vā kramayaugapadyanivṛttilakṣaṇena svasaṁvedanasāmarthyasidhdervikalpasidhdervā vastutvāvastutvābhyāṁ sandihyamāne vipakṣe dharmiṇi, kāryahetordhūmādervahnyādinā mahānasādau dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi trividhapratyakṣānupalambhataḥ , pañcavidhapratyakṣānupalambhato vā vyāptirgrahītavyā |, anupalambhasya tu asadvyavahārayogyatvena saha vyāptiḥ pratyakṣeṇaiva | , anyeṣāṁ tu svabhāvahetūnāṁ kāryahetūnāṁ vā keṣāñcit , yathāsvabhāvaṁ pramāṇenonnīya grahītavyeti ||
hetvābhāsanirupaṇam
vyāptyaniścaye hetoranaikāntiko doṣaḥ | sa ca trividhaḥ - asādhāraṇānaikāntikaḥ sādhāraṇānaikāntikaḥ , sandhigdhavipakṣavyāāvṛttikaśceti | tatra
asādhāraṇānaikāntiko yathā - sātmakaṁ jīvaccharīram , prāṇādimattvāt aparajīvaccharīravat , ghaṭavat | ayaṁ heturaparajīvaccharīre ātmanā vyāpta iti na niścitaḥ |ghaṭe ca vipakṣe ātmano'bhāvānnivṛtta iti na niścitaḥ | dharmiṇi tu jīvaccharīre vidyata iti asādhāraṇānaikāntika ucyate | aparaścāsādhāraṇo yathā - anityaśabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvāt , ghaṭavat , ākāśavaditi | sādhāraṇanaikāntiko yathā - nityaḥ śabdaḥ prameyatvāt , ghaṭavat ākāśavat | , sandigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttiko yathā - saḥ śyāmastatputratvāt , paridṛśyamānatatputravaditi ||
yaduktaṁ prāk , sattvasya kṣaṇikatvena saha vyāptiḥ prasaṅgaprasaṅgaviparpayābhyāṁ grahītavyeti , tatra ko'yaṁ prasaṅgo nāma ? pramāṇaprasidhdavyāptikena vākyena parasyāniṣṭatvāpādanāya prasañjanam prasaṅgaḥ , yathā - sāmānyasya , anekavṛttitvābhyupagame anekatvaprasañjanam | tathā hi - yadanekavṛtti tadanekaṁ yathā anekabhājanagataṁ tālafam | anekavṛtti ca sāmānyam | tasmādanenāpyanekena bhavitavyamiti prasaṅgaḥ |
prasaṅgasya kāryam
athānekatvaṁ neṣyate, tadā'nekavṛttitvaṁ ca mā svīkurvīthāḥ |
nanu yadyetat prasaṅgākhyaṁ sādhanaṁ pramāṇa , na bhavati [trairupyābhāvāt ] kathamasyopanyāsa iti , vyāptismaraṇārthaṁ vyāpyaikadeśakathanavaditi | yaduktam -
' prasaṅgo dvayasambandhādekābhāve'nyahānaye ' iti |
asyāyamarthaḥ - vyāpyavyāpakayoḥ sambandhe sati yadi vyāpakaṁ neṣyate tadā vyāpyamapi neṣyatām | atha vyāpyamiṣyate tadā vyāpakamapīṣyatāmiti |
vādinā sādhanā upanyaste prativādinā tatra dūṣaṇaṁ vaktavyamiti nyāyaḥ | asidhdavirudhdānaikāntikānāmanyatamasyodbhāvanaṁ dūṣaṇam| yathoktam -
'dūṣaṇāni nyūnatādyukti' iti |
hetudūṣaṇam
nanveṣāmevodbhāvanaṁ yadi dūṣaṇaṁ ,kva tarhi vaiyarthyāsāmarthyātiprasaṅgādīnāmantarbhāvaḥ ? atraiva triṣu | tatra vaiyarthyaṁ tāvadasidhde'ntarbhavati | sandigdhasādhyadharmo hi
heturucyate | vaiyarthyaṁ tu yatropanyasyate tatra sandigdhasādhyadharmakatvaṁ hetorlakṣaṇaṁ hetau na sambhavatīti asidhda ucyate | [ hetorlakṣaṇasyāsidhdeḥ] yaduktam -
' sandigdhe hetuvacanāt vyasto hetoranāśrayaḥ ' iti |
asāmarthyaṁ tu svarupāsidhdāvantarbhavati | na hi hetoḥ sāmarthya nāma hetusvarupādanyat | hetoravastutvaprasaṅgāt | atiprasaṅgaścānaikāntike'ntarbhāvyaḥ , sādhyadharmamatikramya vipakṣe'pi prasakteriti ||
ātmanirasanam
yatra tu dharmiṇi sādhyaṁ sādhayitumārabdhaṁ tasya dharmiṇaḥ pramāṇabādhitve āśrayāsidhdirhetordūṣaṇam | yathā sarvagata ātmā sarvatropalabhyamānaguṇatvāt | tadiha baudhdasyātmaiva na sidhdaḥ , kiṁ punasasya sarvadeśopalabhyamānaguṇatvaṁ setsyati | tathā hi , tairthikāḥ khalvevaṁ bruvanti | śarīrādivastuvyatiriktaṁ śubhāśubhakarmakartṛtatfalabhoktṛ nityavyāpirupamātmākhyaṁ dravyāntaramasti | tena ca yadi nāma viśvaṁ vyāptaṁ tadapi yadupabhogāyatanatayā pareṇa parigṛhītaṁ jīvaccharīraṁ tadeva sātmakamabhidhīyata iti | etaccāyuktam | ātmanaḥ sidhdaye pramāṇābhāvāt | na hi pratyakṣeṇa ātmā pratīyate|
cakṣurādijñānānāṁ rupādiviṣayapañcakaniyatatvāt | mānasasyāpyahaṁpratyayasya śarīrādiviṣayatvāt gauro'haṁ sthūlo'haṁ gacchāmyahamityādyākāreṇa ahaṁ pratyaya utpadyate yadāha alaṅkārakāraḥ -
ahamityapi yajjñānaṁ taccharīrendriyāṁśavit |
ahaṁ kāṇassukhī gauraḥ samānādhāravedanāt ||
na cāsya śarīravyatiriktasya taddharmo gauratvaṁ sthūlatvaṁ vā | na ca vibhoramūrttasya mūrtadravyānuvidhāyinī gamanakriyā yuktimatī | na cāyaṁ māṇavake siṁhapratyaya eva bhākto yuktaḥ , skhaladvṛttiprasaṅgāt | nāpyanumānena pratīyate , kāryasvabhāvaliṅgābhāvāt | nityaparokṣeṇa deśakālākāravyatirekavikalenātmanā saha kasyacidanvayavyatirekātmakāryakāraṇabhāvāsidhdeḥ kāryaliṅgāyogat | dharmisattāyāścāsidhdatvāt svabhāvaliṅgānupapatteḥ | na cānyalliṅgamasti | anyenāpi liṅgena bhavatā sādhyavyāptena bhavitavyam | tasya ca sarvathā'sidhdeḥ, kathaṁ tena vyāptatvaṁ liṅgasya niścīyatām ? kiñca , kiyamātmā bodharupaḥ , abodharupo vā ? yadi bodharupo nityaśca tadā cakṣurādivaifalyaprasaṅgo durvāraḥ | athānityo bodharupastadājñānasyaivātmeti nāma kṛtam , na vipratipattiḥ | athābodharupo dṛśyaśca tadā'nupalambho'sya sattāṁ na kṣamata iti nirātmasidhdiranavadyā | tasmāt sarvaṁ saṁskṛtaṁ vastu nirātmakamiti ||
svarupāsiddhyāpi hetvabhāsanirupaṇam
svarupāsidhdayā'pyasidhdo hetvābhāso bhavati | yathā anityaśśabdaḥ cākṣuṣatvāditi | nanu vyāptyasidhdirapi dūṣaṇam , tenāpi pareṣṭārthāsidhdeḥ | tatkiṁ nocyate? anaikāntikadūṣaṇenaiva gatārthatvāt pṛthaḍnoktam | tathā hi - na svalakṣaṇābhyāṁ vyāptirgrahītuṁ śakyā |svalakṣaṇasya deśakālākāraniyatatvenāpyanyatrānugamābhāvāt | api tu sādhyasādhanasāmānyābhyāmeva vyāptirgrahītavyā | tatra ca yadi sādhanaṁ sādhyena vyāptaṁ na pratīyate tadā sādhanaṁ ca syāt sādhyaṁ ca na syādityanaikāntikameva bhavati ||
apohanirupaṇam , sāmānyanirasanaṁ ca
nanu sāmānyaṁ cedaprasidhdaṁ , tatkathaṁ sādhyasādhanasāmānyābhyāṁ sarvopasaṁhāravatī vyāptiḥ pramāṇena gṛhyate ? naiṣa doṣaḥ | yato yādṛśaṁ sāmānyaṁ paraiḥ parikalpyate tādṛśaṁ pramāṇena bādhyata iti nābhyupeyate tatsaugataiḥ | na tu vyavahāraprasidhdamanyavyāvṛttilakṣaṇamapohasaṁjñitamapi | nanu ko'yamapoho nāma ? yathādhyavasāyaṁ bāhya eva ghaṭādirartha apoha ityabhidhīyate , apohyate'smādanyadvijātīyamiti kṛtvā | yathāpratibhāsaṁ buddhyākāro vā'pohaḥ , apohyate pṛthak kriyate'smin buddhyākāre vijātīyamiti kṛtvā | yathātattvaṁ nivṛttimātraṁ prasajyarupo vā'pohaḥ , apohanamapoha iti kṛtvā |
nanu yathādhyavasāyaṁ vidhireva , tarhi kevalo visāya ityāgatam | na apohaviśiṣṭo vidhirabhipretaḥ | yattu gopratītau na gavātmā agavātmeti sāmarthyādapohaḥ paścānniścīyata iti vidhivādināṁ matam | anyāpohapratipattau ca sāmarthyādanyapoḍho gavādirartho'vadhāryata iti nivṛttyapohavādināṁ matam | tanna yuktam , vyavahārakāle prathamaṁ vartamānasyāpi pratītikramādarśanāt | na hi vidhiṁ pratipadya kaścidarthāpattitaḥ paścādapohamavagacchati , apohaṁ vā pratipadya paścādanyāpoḍhamavagacchati | tasmāt gopratipattireva anyāpoḍha pratipattirucyate | yadyapi gośabdāduccaritādanyāpoḍhaśabdānullekha uktaḥ , tathā'pi nāpratipattireva viśeṣaṇabhūtasyānyāpohasya | agavāpoḍha eva vastuni gośabdasya saṁketitatvāt | yathā nīlotpalasaṁketitendīvaraśabdāt utpalapratītau tatkāla eva nīlamasfuraṇamanivāryaṁ tathā gośabdādapyagavāpoḍha eva vastuni saṁketitāt gopratītau tulyakālameva viśeṣaṇatvāt apohasya agavāpoha- sfuraṇamanivāryam | yathā ca pratyakṣasya prasajyapratiṣedharupābhāvagrahaṇamabhāva vikalpotpādanaśaktireva , tathā vidhivikalpānāmapi tadanurupānuṣṭhānaśaktirevābhāva - grahaṇamabhidhīyate | anyathā yadi gośabdādarthapratipattikāle nāvagataḥ parāpohaḥ , kathaṁ tarhi anyaparihāreṇa pratipattā gavi vartatām | tatto gāṁ badhāneti codito'śvānapi badhnīyāditi | tasmāt sthitametat ,bāhyārtho'dhyavasāyādeva śabdavācye vyavasthāpyate, na tu svalakṣaṇaparisfūrtyā , pratyakṣaddyeśakālākārāvasthāniyata pravyaktasvalakṣaṇāsfuraṇāt | yadāha nyāyaparameśvaraḥ -
' śabdenāvyāpṛtākṣasya budhdāvapratibhāsanāt |
arthasya dṛṣṭāviva ' iti ||
kiñca svalakṣaṇātmani vastuni vācye sarvātmanā pratipatteḥ vidhiniṣedhayorayogaḥ | tasya hi sadbhāve astīti vyartham , nāstītyasamartham | asadbhāve tu nāstīti vyartham ,astitya samartham | asti cāstyādipadaprayogaḥ | tasmāt paramārthato na svalakṣaṇaṁ śabdairabhidhīyata iti sthitam ||
nanu yathā pratyakṣeṇa ghaṭasvarupe gṛhīte'paścāttatraiva kṣaṇikatvādiniścayārtha pramāṇāntaraṁ pravartate , tathā vṛkṣaśabdena vṛkṣatvāṁśe pratipādite satvāṁśaniścayārthameva sadādipadaprayogo bhaviṣyatīti cet , na | pratyakṣasyāniśyātmakatvādanabhyastasvarupaviṣaye pramāṇāntaraṁ vartata iti yuktam | vikalpasya tu svayaṁ niśyātmakatvāt , gṛhīte svarupe kiṁ pramāṇāntareṇa paraṁ grahītavyamiti ||
paraparikalpitasāmānyanirasanam
yādṛśaṁ sāmānyaṁ paraiḥ parikalpyate , anekavyaktisamavetaṁ dṛśyamekaṁ nityaṁ tādṛśasya sattāsādhakaṁ na kiñcitpramāṇāmupalabhāmahe | tataḥ saditi vyavasthāpayituṁ tanna yuktam | tathā hi - gavādivyaktyanubhavakāle varṇāsaṁsthānādyātmakaṁ vyaktisvarupamapahāya nānyat kiñcidekamanuyāyi pratyakṣe bhāsate | tādṛśasyānubhavābhāvāt | nāpi svalakṣaṇānubhānantaramekākāraparāmarśapratyayāt anyathā'nupapattyā sāmānyaparikalpanaṁ yuktisaṅgatam | vyaktibhya eva svahetudattaśaktibhyo'sya pratyayasya paramparayotpatteḥ | bhede'pi kāścideva vyaktayo'sya jananāya samarthāḥ, na sarvāḥ , ityatra kāryakāraṇabhāvasya pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṁ dṛṣṭasyātivartayitumaśakyatvāt | dṛṣṭaṁ cedaṁ sāmarthyaṁ bhedāviśeṣe'pi kāsāñcideva vyaktīnām | yathā jvarādipraśamane guḍūcīnimbādīnām | yathoktam -
' ekapratyavamarśārthajñānādyekārthasādhane |
bhede'pi niyatāḥ kecitsvabhāvenendriyādivat' ||iti||
kiñca sarvagate vijātīyād vyāvṛtte satyapi sāmānye kiṁ bhedāviśeṣe'pi govyaktiṣveva samavetaṁ tat sāmānyaṁ tatraiva caikākārāṁ budhdiṁ janayatīti praśne svabhāvenaivetyuttaraṁ parasya | tacca pramāṇāsaṅgatam | asmākaṁ tu svabhāvenottaraṁ pramāṇāsidhdatvāt yuktisaṅgatameva ||
tathedamaparaṁ jātisādhanāya sādhanaṁ parasya | yad viśiṣṭaṁ jñānaṁ tad viśeṣaṇagrahaṇanāntarīyakam , yathā daṇḍijñānam | viśiṣṭajñānaṁ cedaṁ gaurayamityarthataḥ kāryahetuḥ | atrocyate - viśiṣṭabudhderbhinnaviśeṣaṇagrahaṇanāntarīyakatvaṁ sādhyaṁ , viśeṣaṇamātrānubhavanāntarīyakatvaṁ vā | prathamapakṣe pratyakṣabādhā |vastugrāhiṇi pratyakṣe ubhayapratibhāsābhāvāt | viśiṣṭabudhditvaṁ ca sāmānyamityanaikāntiko hetuḥ syāt ,bhinnaviśeṣaṇagrahaṇamantareṇāpi tasya darśanāt | yathā svarupavānayaṁ ghaṭaḥ , gotvasāmānyamiti vā | dvitīyapakṣe tu sidhdasādhanam , svarupavān ghaṭa ityādivat gotvādijātimān piṇḍa iti parikalpitabhedamupādāya viśeṣaṇaviśeṣya bhāvasyeṣṭatvāt |
agovyāvṛttyanubhavabhāvitvāt gaurayamiti vyavahārasya | tadevaṁ ato'pi sādhanānna sāmānyasidhdiriti | tadevaṁ paraparikalpitasāmānyasya vicārāsahatvāt , atadrūpaparāvṛttavastumātrameva sāmānyamapohaśabdavācyaṁ vyavahārāṅgaṁ yathādhyavasāyamanavadyamiti sthitam |
sāmānyasya niṣedhāya prayogaḥ punarevaṁ kartavyaḥ - yadyatropalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṁ sannopalabhyate tattatra asadvyavahāraviṣayaḥ ,yathā turaṅgamottamāṁge śṛṅgaṁ , nopalabhyate copalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṁ sāmānyaṁ paridṛśyamānāsu vyaktiṣviti svabhāvānupalabdhiḥ | na cāsidhdasambhāvanā | varṇasaṁsthānalakṣaṇaṁ vyaktisvarupamapahāya dvitīyasyānuyāyino rupasya nipuṇamapi nirupyamāṇasya sarvathā darśanābhāvāt , nāpi jñānavaddarśanābhāve'pi pratyakṣasidhdatvamasyābhidhātumucitam | jñānaṁ hi svasaṁvedanapramāṇasidhdam , na tu cakṣurvijñānagrāhyam | idaṁ [ tu sāmānyaṁ ] cakṣurvijñānagrāhyamarthadharmatvāt | pratyakṣaṁ ca parairiṣṭamiti | tadevaṁ paraparikalpitasāmānyasya vicārāsahatvāt , atadrūpaparāvṛttavastumātrameva sāmānyamuktam | tasmāt sarvaṁ saṁskṛtaṁ vastu paraparikalpitasāmānyena śūnyamiti sthitam ||
īśvarasādhananirasanam
nāpi kenacidbudhdimatoparacittamityapi vijñeyam | tathā hi - asya jagataḥ karttā bhavan nityo vā bhavedanityo vā | tatra na tāvannityo yuktaḥ , nitye karttari samarthe sati sargasthitipralayānāṁ niyamena yaugapadyaprasaṅgāt | yena hi svarupeṇa sthitipralayayoḥ sa karttā tadasya svarupaṁ sargakāle'pi sannihitamiti tadaiva sthitipralayau kuryāt | sahakārivirahānna karotīti cet , tadasat | na hi nityena sahakāriṇā kadācidapyayaṁ virahitaḥ sadā sannihitatvāt | nāpyanityena sahakāriṇā virahitaḥ , anityasahakāriṇo'pi tadāyattajanmatvāt | tata ekadā sarvakaraṇādiprasaṅgaḥ ||
nanu budhdimattvādīśvarasya naiṣa doṣaḥ | budhdiśūnyo hi svasattāmātrajanyaṁ kāryamakrameṇaiva kuryāt | budhdimāṁstu karttumīśāno'pi anicchanna karotīti kastasyopālambhaḥ ? ucyate - tā apīcchāḥ svasattāmātranibandhanāḥ kiṁ na karotīti sa evāsyopālambhaḥ | atha svarupeṇa sāmarthye satyapi eṣa eva tasya svabhāvaḥ , yatsahakārilakṣaṇayā'gantukaśaktyā vinā na karotīti cet , tarhi mātā'pi sati vandhyā sā prakṛtyaivaitadapi vaktavyaṁ bhavedbhavatāmiti yatkiñcidetat ||
nanveṣa eva kāryasvabhāvaḥ , kevalāt samarthādapi nodeti , sahakāriṇamapekṣyaiva paścādbhavati [ nāsyopālambha iti ] tanna yuktam | samartho hi sahakāryapekṣāmanādṛtya balādeva kāryaṁ kuryāt | anyathā [ hyasya ] asamarthatvaprasaṅgāt |
nityasya kramakāritvaniṣedhanam
nāpi nityaḥ krameṇa kāryakārīti yuktam , nirapekṣatvāt | yadāha diṅmaṇḍalavikhyātakīrtirdharmakīrtiḥ -
nityasya nirapekṣatvāt kramotpattirna yujyate |
kriyāyāmakriyāyāṁ ca kālayoḥ sadṛśātmanaḥ ||iti||
etena ātmādīnāmakṣaṇikānāṁ ghaṭādīnāṁ kṣaṇikānāṁ ca krameṇa kāryakaraṇaṁ pratyuktam | na cātra pratyakṣavirodhaḥ , pratyakṣeṇākṣaṇikasya grahaṇāyogāt | na hi kṣaṇikaṁ pratyakṣamakṣaṇikamīkṣituṁ kṣamate| anikakṣaṇavyāpāro hyakṣaṇikaḥ | sa kathamekakṣaṇabhāvinādhyakṣeṇa grahītuṁ śakyaḥ | na hi prāgūrdhvaṁ cāvasthānamadhunā prakāśate| tasyāpyadhunātanatāprasaṅgāt | janmavināśāvadhipratibhāsaprasaṅgāditi nedaṁ pratyakṣaṁ pūrvāparakālavyāptamarthaṁ kañcidapi grahītumalam |
pratyabhijñānasya pratyakṣatvaṁ nirasanam
etena pratyabhijñānasyāpratyakṣatvamākhyātam | sākṣātkāri hi jñānaṁ pratyakṣam | na ca prāgavasthamadhunā sākṣātkartavyam , api tu smartavyam | na ca smaraṇasvarupam pratyakṣam |
atha mataṁ bhavedidaṁ smaraṇaṁ yadidānīntanamavasthānaṁ na sākṣātkuryāt , tatsākṣātkaraṇapravaṇaṁ kathamidaṁ smaraṇaṁ nāma ? yadāha bhaṭṭaḥ-
' pūrvapramitamātre hi jāyate sa iti smṛtiḥ |
sa evāyamitīyaṁ tu pratyabhijñā'tirekiṇi ||' iti ||
smaraṇagrahaṇasvarupaṁ tarhi pratyabhijñānaṁ syāt , na tu grahaṇasvarupameva | smaryamāṇe grahaṇāyogāt , gṛhyamāṇe ca smaraṇāyogāt | na caikasya smaraṇagrahaṇe sambhavataḥ , parasparavirodhāt | yena hi svarupeṇa smaraṇaṁ na tena svarupeṇa grahaṇamityanunmattena śakyate vaktum | rupāntareṇa caikasya smaraṇagrahaṇe na syātām | bhāve'pi pratyakṣāpratyakṣe syātām | na tu smaryamāṇe pratyakṣameva , pratyakṣāyogāt | tasmāt pratyabhijñāpratyayo bhrānta eva ,nirviṣayatvāt |
prayogaścaivam -yaḥ pratyabhijñāpratyayaḥ sa tattvato naikālambanaḥ , yathā lūnapunarjātatṛṇādiṣu | pratyabhijñā pratyayaścāyaṁ tadevedaṁ nīlādīti pratyaya iti virudhdavyāptopalabdhiḥ | ekatvānekatvayoḥ parasparavirodhāt tadviṣayakasaṁvedanayorapi virodhaḥ tenaikālambanatvena anekālambanatvavirudhdena anekālambanatvena pūrvoktyā nītyā pratyabhijñāpratyayo vyāpta iti na pratyabhijñānaṁ kṣaṇikānumānabādhakam | na ca keśādiṣvapi sāmānyālambanatayā ekālambanatvam keśādivyaktereva pratyabhijñāyamānatvāt | sāmānye pratyabhijñāyamāne tadevedaṁ keśādīti syāt , na tadevedaṁ keśādīti | ata evaikālambanatve pratyabhijñāpratyayasya krametarābhyāmutpattivirodhāt , virudhdānaikāntikatve nāśaṅkanīye | na ca pratyabhijñānameva tadavasthāpakam , yasyaiva vicāryamāṇatvāt | tasmāt sthitametat nityaḥ kartā nāstīti | yadi nityaḥ kartā jagato na kāraṇaṁ , kimasya tarhi kāraṇam ?
sattvānāṁ śubhakarmaṇaḥ jagataḥ kāraṇatvasamarthanam
sattvānāṁ śubhāśubhākhyaṁ karma | yathoktam -
sattvalokamatha bhājanalokaṁ
cittameva racayatyaticitram |
karmajaṁ hi jagaduktamaśeṣaṁ
karma cittamavadhūya na cāsti ||iti||
vaibhāṣikamāśritya punarbhagavatā sarvajñena coktam -
' ākāśaṁ dvau nirodhau ca nityaṁ trayamasaṁskṛtam |
saṁskṛtaṁ kṣaṇikaṁ sarvamātmaśūnyamakartṛkam ||' iti||
sarvajñasamarthanam bhavaparamparāsamarthanaṁ ca
nanu sarvajñasidhdau hi tadvacanaṁ nidarśanīkartumucitam | sarvajñasidhdaye kiṁ pramāṇamiti cet ? ucyate | yo yaḥ sādaranirantaradīrghakālābhyāsakalitacetoguṇaḥ sa sarvaḥ sphuṭībhāvayogyaḥ , yathā yuvatyākāraḥ kāminaḥ puruṣasya | yathoktābhyāsakalitacetoguṇāścāmī caturāryasatyaviṣayākārā iti svabhāvahetuḥ |
na tāvadāśrayadvāreṇa hetudvāreṇa vāsidhdasambhāvanā | saṅkalparuḍhānāṁ caturāryasatyaviṣayākārāṇāṁ dharmiṇāṁ cetoguṇamātrasya ca hetoḥ pratyātmavedyatvāt | na caiṣa virudhdaḥ , sapakṣe kāminyākāre sambhavāt | na cānaikāntikaḥ , abhyāsena sahitacetoguṇasfuṭapratibhāsayoḥ kāraṇakāryayoḥ kumbhakāraghaṭayoriva sarvopasaṁhāreṇa pratyakṣānupalambhataḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvasidhdau abhyāsasahitacetoguṇatvasya sādhanasya sfuṭapratibhāsakāraṇayogyatayā vyāptisidhdeḥ | tathā hi - vyāptyadhikaraṇe kāmāturavartini yuvatyākāre sādaranirantaradīrghakālābhyāsasahitacetoguṇāt pūrvamanupalabdhiḥ sfuṭābhatvasya paścādabhyāsasaṁvedanaṁ ,sfuṭābhasaṁvedanamiti trividhapratyakṣānupalambhasādhyaḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ sfuṭapratibhāsābhyāsa sahitacittākārayorityupapannā sarvopasaṁhāravatī vyāptiḥ | ato'naikāntikatvābhāvāt anavadyo hetuḥ ||
nanvanena sādhanena caturāryasatyākārāṇāṁ sākṣātkaraṇāt caturāryasatyākārasākṣatkārī vivakṣitassarvajñaḥ sidhyati , na tvaviśeṣeṇa sarvadharmasākṣatkārī , tatastatsidhdaye sādhanāntaramabhidheyam | ucyate - yatpramāṇasaṁvādi niścitārthaṁ vacanaṁ , tat sākṣāt pāramparyeṇa vā tadarthasākṣatkārijñānapūrvakaṁ , yathā dahano dāhaka iti vacanam , pramāṇasaṁvādi niścitārtha cedaṁ vacanaṁ , kṣaṇikāḥ sarvasaṁskārā iti arthataḥ kāryahetuḥ | nāsyāsidhdiḥ , sarvadharmakṣaṇabhaṅgaprasādhanādasya vacanasya satyārthatvāt | nāpi virudhdaḥ , sapekṣe bhāvāt | na cānaikāntikatā , vacanamātrasya saṁśayaviparyāsapūrvakatve'pi pramāṇa saṁvādi ] niścitārthasya [ vacanasya ] sākṣāt pāramparyeṇa vā tadarthasākṣātkārijñānapūrvakatvena pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāmupalambhāt | anyathā dhūmādāvapi hetutyāgaprasaṅgādaśeṣakāryahetūcchedaprasaṅgaḥ ||
bhavaparamparānirupaṇam
syādetat | anekabhavaparamparālakṣaṇena dīrghakālena bhāvyasya saṅkalpāruḍhasya sfuṭābhatvaṁ sambhāvyate | bhavaparamparāsidhdaye tu kiṁ pramāṇam ? ucyate | yaccittaṁ tat cittāntaraṁ pratisandhatte , yathedānīntanaṁ cittam | cittaṁ ca maraṇakālabhāvīti svabhāvahetuḥ | na cārhaccaramacittena vyabhicāraḥ | tasyāgamamātrapratītatvāt niḥ kleśacittāntarajananādvā| hetoḥ kleśe sati | viśeṣāpekṣaṇādi tyanāgatabhavasidhdiḥ | iha pūrvajanmābhyāsāt tapodānādhyayanādau sarvasattvānāmabhyāse pravṛttiriti pravādaḥ | tatastatsidhdaye pramāṇamucyate - yaccittaṁ tat cittāntarapūrvakaṁ yathedānīntanaṁ cittam | cittaṁ ca janmasamayabhāvītyarthataḥ kāryahetuḥ ||
vaibhāṣikamatanirupaṇam
nanu tattvasākṣātkāraṇānmuktiḥ | tattvaṁ caikameva, yathoktam -
' muktistu śūnyatādṛṣṭistadarthāśeṣabhāvanā ' iti |
tatkathaṁ sarvajñadvaitaṁ, baudhdaprabhedaśceti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ | yasmātsarvametad bhūtārthe sattvānavatārayituṁ bhagavatā pratipāditam | tathā hi vaibhāṣikāṇāṁ matam -
' ākāśaṁ dvau nirodhau ca nityaṁ trayamasaṁskṛtam |
saṁskṛtaṁ kṣaṇikaṁ sarvamātmaśūnyamakartṛkam ||'iti ||
sautrāntikānāṁ matam
jñānamevedaṁ sarvaṁ nīlādyākāreṇa pratibhāsate, na bāhyo'rthaḥ , jaḍasya prakāśāyogāt | yathoktam -
'svakārajñānajanakā dṛśyā nendriyagocārāḥ ' ||iti ||
alaṅkāreṇāpyuktam -
yadi saṁvedyate nīlaṁ kathaṁ bāhyaṁ taducyate |
na cetsaṁvedyate nīlaṁ kathaṁ bāhyaṁ taducyate ||
nanu yadi prakāśamānaṁ jñānamevadaṁ , tadā'sti bāhyo'rtha iti kutaḥ ? bāhyārthasidhdistu syādvayatirekataḥ | na hi sarvatra sarvadā nīlādaya ākārāḥ prakāśante|
na caitat svopādānamātrabalabhāvitve sati yujyate | niyataviṣaye pravṛttyayogāt | tasmādasti kiñcideṣāṁ samanantarapratyayavyatiriktaṁ yadbalena kvacit kadācit bhavantīti śakyamavasātum | sa eva bāhyo'rtha iti , na punarasau bāhyo'rthaḥ avayavī , guṇādayo dharmāḥ dravyāśrayiṇaḥ parābhimatāḥ, navavidhaṁ dravyaṁ paramāṇāvo veti | tatra na tāvat guṇādayaḥ , dravyaniṣedhenaiva teṣāṁ niṣedhāt | na cāsati samavāyini dravye samavāya iti tadduṣaṇamatra nādriyate | dravyaṁ ca pṛthivyāpastejovāyurākāśaṁ kālo digātmā mana iti navavidham |
ātmākāśakāladiṅmanasāṁ nirasanam
tatrātmaniṣedhāyedamapi sādhanam - yatkādācitkaṁ jñānaṁ tatkādācitkakāraṇapūrvakam , yathā saudāminījñānam | kādācitkaṁ cedamahaṁkārajñānamityarthataḥ kāryahetuḥ | nāyamasidhdaḥ ahaṁkāre dharmiṇi jñānatvasya pratyakṣasidhdatvāt | nāpi kādācitkaviśeṣaṇamasidhdam , sarvadā'hamiti jñānābhāvāt | nāpi virudhdaḥ , sapakṣe darśanāt | na cānaikāntikaḥ , dhūmapāvakayoriva kādācitkajñānakādācitkakāraṇayoḥ pratyakṣānupalambhābhyāṁ vyāptisidhdeḥ | kādācitkajñānasya cākādācitkakāraṇādutpattau kādācitkakāraṇādanutpattiprasaṅgaḥ | aniyatahetukatāyāṁ cāhetukatāprasaṅgaḥ , tathā'pyanaikāntikatve prasidhdadhūmādiheturapyanaikāntikaḥ syāt , viśeṣābhāvāt | api cāhaṁkārasya akādācitkakāraṇapūrvakatve sadaivodayaprasaṅgaḥ | kāraṇasya kurvadrūpatvāt , akurvataścopacārataḥ kāraṇatvāt , kurvadakurvatoraikyābhāvāt | bhāve vā kurvato'pyakurvadrūpatāpattiḥ , tatsvabhāvatvāt | kiñcāhaṁkārasya akādācitka kāraṇādutpāde yugapadevotpādaprasaṅgaḥ , avyagrasāmagrīkatvāt | nanvahaṁkārasyālambanamātmā na kāraṇamiti cenna | akāraṇasyālambanatvāyogādatiprasaṅgāditi ||
atha kimākāśaṁ nāma kiñcidvastubhūtamasti? uta nāsti vā ? nāstyevaitat | yatra hi sapratighaṁ dravyamasti na tatrākāśamavakāśaṁ vā dadāti | yatra nāsti tatra tadabhāvādevāvakāśaḥ sidhda iti kva vā''kāśamavakāśaṁ dadyāt ? [ yasmādavakāśapradamākāśaṁ bhaṇyate ] tasmāt satyasmin sarvadā sarvathā sarvatrāvakāśaḥ syāt | na caitadasti | tasmānnāstyevākāśamiti pratīmaḥ | etacca vaibhāṣīkamatapekṣya dūṣaṇamuktam |
paraistvākāśaṁ śabdaguṇakamiṣyate | taccaikamiti cet samānadeśatvāt sarvaśabdānāṁ vibhāgena śravaṇaṁ na syāt | tatassannihitadeśa iva dūradeśābhimato'pi śabdaḥ śrūyeta | na vānyo'pītyekāntaḥ | dikkālayoścaikatvāt pūrvāparādipratyayānupapattiḥ | etena nityasyāpi manaso'sambhava eva | tathā hi - yugapajjñānānutpattyā mano'numīyate tadvādibhiḥ | anubhūyanta eva yugapadbahūni jñānāni narttakīdarśanādau | yadi punarmano [ nityaṁ ] syāttadānīmetāni jñānāni na yujyante | tasmānnāstyeva mano'pi ||
avayavinirasanapūrvakaṁ paramāṇumātrasamarthanam
pṛthivyādayo'vaśiṣyante | te cāvayaviparamāṇubhedena dvidhā iṣyante | tatra yo'vayavī ghaṭādiḥ paramāṇubhidvaryaṇukādi krameṇārabdhaḥ prasidhdaḥ , tasya upalabdhi lakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalambho bādhaka ityuktam | yadyavayavī nāsti kathaṁ tarhyayamekatvena pratibhāsata iti cet -
bhāgā eva bhāsante sanniviṣṭāstathā tathā |
tadvānnaiva punaḥ kaścinnirbhāgaḥ sampratīyate ||
ityuktam | nanu ko'yaṁ bhāgapratibhāso nāma ? nānādigdeśāvaṣṣṭambhena sañcitaḥ paramāṇupratibhāsa eva | yadyevaṁ kathaṁ ' pratibhāsadharmaḥ sthaulyam ' ityuktaṁ dharmottareṇa,tatrāpyayamevārthaḥ arthasya svarupeṇa nāsti vedanam, 'bhāktaṁ syādarthavedanam' iti vacanāt | tasmādyo'yaṁ nīlādiprabhāso nānādeśavyāpitvenānubhūyate sa eva sthūlapratibhāsa ityadoṣaḥ ye'pi tadārambhakāḥ paramāṇavo vaiśeṣikāṇāṁ , sākṣādadhyakṣyagocarā vaibhāṣikāṇāṁ darśane, svasvākārasamarpaṇapravaṇāḥ sautrāntikānāṁ mate , te'pi yogācārāṇāṁ darśane na sambhavanti | na khalvekaḥ paramāṇuḥ prasidhdimadhyāste | tasyādharottaracaturdikṣu paramāṇumadhyāsīnasya niyamena ṣaḍaṁśatāpatteḥ |yo hyasya svabhāvaḥ pūrvaparamāṇupratyāsannaḥ na sa evāparaparamāṇupratyāsanno ghaṭate | tayorekadeśatāprāpteḥ | evaṁ ca sa pūrvaparamāṇusannihitasvabhāvo'paraparamāṇuṁ pratyāsīdedyadi so'pi tatra syāt | asatyāmapi pratyāsattāvābhimukhyamātre'pyayameva vṛttāntaḥ | tataśca paramāṇumātraṁ piṇḍaḥ prasaktaḥ ||
yogācārasya matam
athavā'yaṁ vicāraḥ , yadetatpratibhāsamānaṁ tadekaṁ tāvanna yuktam , anantaroktavicārāt | nāpyanekaṁ , paramāṇuśaḥ paramāṇorayogāt | tathā hi - yadyasau sāṁśaḥ kathaṁ paramāṇuḥ ? atha niraṁśaḥ tadā saṁyuktāḥ paramāṇāvaḥ sarvātmanā saṁyogāt parasparamabhinnadeśāḥ syuriti sarvaḥ piṇḍaḥ paramāṇumātraṁ syāt , parvato'pi kṣitirapīti| tasmādavaśyaṁ tayoḥ svabhāvayorbhedo'bhyupetavyaḥ | yathā cānayostathā 'dharottaradakṣiṇottaraparamāṇupratyāsannānāṁ svabhābānāṁ ca bheda iti ṣaḍaṁśataiva paramāṇornyāyabalādāpatati | yadāha -
ṣaṭkena yugapadyogāt paramāṇoḥ ṣaḍāṁśatā |
ṣaṇṇāṁ samānadeśatvāt piṇḍaḥ syādaṇumātrakaḥ ||iti|
na caikāsiddhau anekasyāpi sidhdiriti na santi paramāṇavaḥ | yadi bāhyo'rtho nāsti kiṁ viṣayastarhyayaṁ pratibhāsaḥ ? pratibhāsaḥ khalveṣo'nādivitathavāsanātaḥ pravartamāno nirālambana eva lakṣyate | tathā hi -sati viṣaye sālambanatā syāt | tena cāvayavinā bhavitavyam , paramāṇupracayena vā | sa cāyamubhayo'pyanantarokta bādhakapramāṇa [ grāha ] grastavigraho na vyomatāmarasamatiśete yathoktam -
[ na sannāvayavī nāma na santi paramāṇavaḥ |]
pratibhāso nirālambhaḥ svapnānubhavasannibhaḥ ||iti||
nirālambanavādaḥ
svapnajñānaṁ nirālambanaṁ viditameva | na ca svaprajāgradanubhavayorbhedaḥ kaścidapyasti | sarvaprakārasādharmyadarśanāt | na cānālambanādanavāptarupaviśeṣaṁ vijñānaṁ sālambanasambandhamanubhavitumutsahate | yadanālambanādaviśiṣṭaṁ tadanālambanam , yathaikasmādākāśakeśadarśanāt dvitīyam [ jñānaṁ ] anālambanācca svapnajñānādaviśiṣṭaṁ vivādāspadībhūtaṁ jāgradvijñānamiti svabhāvahetuḥ ||
vijñānasyasya sākāratvanirākāratvapakṣabhedaḥ
yadi bāhyo'rtho nāsti kiṁ tarhi paramārthasat ? grāhyagrāhakādikalaṅkānaṅkitaṁ niṣprapañcavijñānamātraṁ paramārthasat | yathoktam -
' grāhyagrāhakanirmuktaṁ vijñānaṁ paramārthasat ' iti |
punaścoktam -
' nānyo'nubhāvyo budhdyā'sti tasyā nānubhavo'paraḥ |
grāhyagrāhakavaidhuryāt svayaṁ saiva prakāśate ||'
uktaṁ caitadbhagavatā -
' bāhyo na vidyate hyartho yathā bālairvikalpyate |
vāsanāluṭhitaṁ cittamarthābhāsaṁ pravarttate ||'iti ||
sākāravādināṁ matam
tatra kecidevamāhuḥ - vijñānamevedaṁ sarva sarvaśarīraviṣayabhāvena prasidhdam , tacca svasaṁvedanamiti na kasyacit grāhyaṁ grāhakaṁ vā | kalpanayā tu grāhyagrāhakabhāva iti vyavasthāpyate | tataḥ parikalpitagrāhyagrāhakabhāvarahitaṁ vijñānaṁ [ sākāraṁ ] satyamiti |
nirākāravādināṁ matam
anye tu sakalākārakalaṅkānaṅkitaṁ śudhdasfaṭikasaṁkāśaṁ vāstavaṁ vijñānam | ākārāstvamī vitathā evāvidyayā darśitāḥ prakāśante | tasmāt grāhyaṁ nāma nāstyeva grāhyābhāvāt tadapekṣayā yadgrāhakatvaṁ vijñānasya tadapi nāstīti | mādhyamikānāṁ tu darśane tadapi vijñānaṁ na paramārthasat , vicārāsahatvāt | svabhāvena hi yuktaṁ pāramārthika mucyate loke | na cāsya vicārataḥ kaścitsvabhāvo ghaṭate, eko vā'neko vā , pūrvavicārāsahatvāt | yathoktam -
' neṣṭaṁ tadapi dhīrāṇā vijñānaṁ pāramārthikam |
ekānekasvabhāvena viyogādganābjavat ||'iti ||
kīrtipādairapyuktam -
' bhāvā yena nirupyante tadrūpaṁ nāsti tattvataḥ |
yasmādekamanekaṁ vā rupaṁ teṣu na vidyate ||' iti||
tathā'laṅkārakāreṇāpyuktam -
' yadā tu na vikalpasya na cānyasya pramāṇatā |
tadā viśīryamāṇe'pi sarvasmin ko'parādhyatu ||'
'badhdamuktādi bhedo'pi naivāsti paramārthataḥ |
bhedo hi nāvabhātyeva sarvatra samadarśinām ||'iti||
prayogaḥ punarevam - yadekānekasvabhāvaṁ na bhavati na tatparamārthasat , yathā vyomakamalam ,ekānekasvabhāvaṁ ca na bhavati vijñānamiti vyāpakānupalabdhiḥ | na tāvadayamasidhdo hetuḥ | sākāre jñāne bahirartha iva ekānesvabhāvāyogyatvasya parisfuṭatvāt | yatra hi lokasya bāhyārthavyavahārastadeva sākāravādino jñānam , tato yattasya bahirbhāve bādhakaṁ tadevāntarbhāve'pi bādhakam | na hi sthūlamekamanekaṁ ca paramāṇurupamapīṣyate | vijñānātmakānāmayamākāro yadyekaḥ sthūlo yati vā'nekaḥ paramāṇuśo bhinnaḥ , ubhayathā'pi bāhyārthapakṣabhāvi dūṣaṇamaśakyamurdhdatum | na hi tadvijñāne bahirbhāvanibandhanaṁ dūṣaṇam! yena tadbhāvena bhavet | mūrtinimittaṁ bādhakam,
nāmūrte vijñānātmani ityapi nissāram | sākāratāyāṁ vijñānasyāpi mūrtatvāt | ayameva hi deśāvitānavā [ nākāro ] mūrtiriti ||
śrīmanmahājagaddalavihārīya mahāpaṇḍita bhikṣumokṣākaraguptaviracitāyāṁ tarkabhāṣāyaṁ parārthānumānaparicchedaḥ tṛtīyaḥ samāptaḥ ||
granthāgraṁ ślokamānaṁ 840
tarkabhāṣāmimāṁ kṛtvā puṇyamāsādi yanmayā |
tena yuṇyena loko'yaṁ budhdatvamadhigacchatu ||
* yādṛśaṁ pustake dṛṣṭaṁ tādṛśaṁ likhitaṁ mayā |
yadi śudhdamaśudhdaṁ vā mama doṣo na dīyate ||
udakānalacaurebhyaḥ mūrkhakebhyastathaiva ca |
kaṣṭena likhitaṁ śāstraṁ yatnena paripālayet ||*
tarkabhāṣā samāptā
Links:
[1] http://dsbc.uwest.edu/node/7669
[2] http://dsbc.uwest.edu/node/5116
[3] http://dsbc.uwest.edu/node/5117
[4] http://dsbc.uwest.edu/node/5118
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