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• ngũ thời :
  五時 - [py] wŭshí [wg] wu-shih [ko] 오시 osi [ja] ゴジ goji ||| 'five teaching periods.' A division of the periods of the varying methods used by Śākyamuni to explain the dharma from the time he attained enlightenment until the time he entered nirvana. Though there are various theories regarding these five, all are generally derived from the original explanation propounded by Huikuan 慧觀 in the fifth century. (A) Huikuan's explanation divides the teaching into gradual 漸 and sudden 頓, further dividing sudden into the following five: (1) the Distinct Teaching of the Three Vehicles (Āgama Sutras, etc.); (2) the Three Vehicle Shared Teaching (Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra s, etc.); (3) the Restraining and Praising Teaching (Vimalakīrti Sutra 維摩經, etc.); (4) the Teaching of the Shared Intent (Avataṃsaka-sūtra 華嚴經, etc.) and (5) the Eternal Teaching (Nirvāna-sūtra 涅槃經, etc.). This is the classification of the "Nirvāna school." (B) In the Huayan teaching of Liuqiu 劉 the Avataṃsaka-sūtra is called the "Sudden teaching" and the "gradual teaching" is divided into the following five: (1) The Teaching of Men and Gods; (2) The Teaching of the Existence of Form (the Āgamas and so forth, that accept the existence of discriminated forms); (3) The Formless Teaching (prajñāpāramitā teaching, etc., that denies the real existence of form); (4) The Teaching of Shared Intent (Lotus Sutra, etc.) and (5) The Eternal Teaching (Nirvāna Sutra etc.) (C) Zhiyi altered the above (B) somewhat. According to Tiantai 天台 teaching, the five periods are: (1) The Huayan period. After the Buddha's enlightenment, he expounded the Avataṃsaka-sūtra for 21 days for bodhisattvas. This was a teaching for those of very sharp faculties, and according to this teaching such bodhisattvas may directly awaken to the reality-principle. (2) The Deer Park period. After delivering the Avataṃsaka-sūtra, ordinary people of undeveloped faculties are not able to understand, so he discards this teaching in favor of guiding people through expedient teachings. Thus he delivered the lesser vehicle teachings at Deer Park near Benares. This period was twelve years, and the scriptures that developed from this are the Āgamas, so it is also called the "Āgama period." (3) The Vaipulya period (Elementary Mahāyāna). For the people that had grasped the Hīnayāna teachings, the Buddha now teaches Mahāyāna Sutras such as the Vimalakīrti Sutra, the Sūtra of the Golden Light and the Srimala Sūtra 勝鬘經, broadly explaining the Tripitaka, Shared, Distinct and Perfect Teachings. This is intended to convert people from Hīnayāna to Mahāyāna. This period lasts for eight years. (4) Perfection of Wisdom. For 22 years the Buddha teaches the Prajñāpāramitā sutras in order to awaken people to the principle of emptiness. (5) The Lotus and Nirvāna period. The Buddha makes clear that the final goal of Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna is to same. Thus it is also called the Teaching of the Single Vehicle, wherein the presence of Buddha-nature in each person is affirmed. [Dictionary References] Naka362a [Credit] cmuller(entry) cwittern(py)
  (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - A. Charles Muller)

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