Những chướng ngại không thể làm cho bạn dừng lại. Nếu gặp phải một bức tường, đừng quay lại và bỏ cuộc, hãy tìm cách trèo lên, vượt qua hoặc đi vòng qua nó. (Obstacles don’t have to stop you. If you run into a wall, don’t turn around and give up. Figure out how to climb it, go through it, or work around it. )Michael Jordon
Khởi đầu của mọi thành tựu chính là khát vọng. (The starting point of all achievement is desire.)Napoleon Hill
Người có trí luôn thận trọng trong cả ý nghĩ, lời nói cũng như việc làm. Kinh Pháp cú
Việc người khác ca ngợi bạn quá hơn sự thật tự nó không gây hại, nhưng thường sẽ khiến cho bạn tự nghĩ về mình quá hơn sự thật, và đó là khi tai họa bắt đầu.Rộng Mở Tâm Hồn
Nếu bạn muốn những gì tốt đẹp nhất từ cuộc đời, hãy cống hiến cho đời những gì tốt đẹp nhất. (If you want the best the world has to offer, offer the world your best.)Neale Donald Walsch
Người ta thuận theo sự mong ước tầm thường, cầu lấy danh tiếng. Khi được danh tiếng thì thân không còn nữa.Kinh Bốn mươi hai chương
Tinh cần giữa phóng dật, tỉnh thức giữa quần mê. Người trí như ngựa phi, bỏ sau con ngựa hènKinh Pháp cú (Kệ số 29)
Nếu bạn nghĩ mình làm được, bạn sẽ làm được. Nhưng nếu bạn nghĩ mình không làm được thì điều đó cũng sẽ trở thành sự thật. (If you think you can, you can. And if you think you can't, you're right.)Mary Kay Ash
Đừng bận tâm về những thất bại, hãy bận tâm đến những cơ hội bạn bỏ lỡ khi thậm chí còn chưa hề thử qua. (Don’t worry about failures, worry about the chances you miss when you don’t even try. )Jack Canfield
Khi gặp chướng ngại ta có thể thay đổi phương cách để đạt mục tiêu nhưng đừng thay đổi quyết tâm đạt đến mục tiêu ấy. (When obstacles arise, you change your direction to reach your goal, you do not change your decision to get there. )Zig Ziglar

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  4. Đang nghe bài: Stephen Foster ? American Songwriter

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Before radio and television, movies and recordings, entertainment was often a family or
community matter. Someone in the family could play a musical instrument, or a
neighbourhood musician would play for small gatherings. In addition, there would be
travelling groups of musicians, actors and clowns who would go from town to town.
In nineteenth century United States, one of the most popular forms of entertainment was
the minstrel show. Black slavery was still permitted in the southern states until 1865.
Even after that date, the lives of many blacks working on large farms or plantations did
not change much. They did hard physical labour in the fields, had little control over their
lives, and very little time to relax with their friends. Foster, who was born in 1826, made
this situation the background for many of his songs.
White musicians would try to imagine the feelings of black men and women working on
the plantations. They would write songs in the dialect or speech patterns that they
thought black slaves used. In these songs, the black people would be talking about their
hardships, falling in love, playing music and dancing, and finally growing old and dying.
White performers would blacken their faces and sing these songs to white audiences.
They would play musical instruments, like the banjo, a small fourstringed guitar, which
black people played often.
As a small boy, Stephen Foster had sometimes been taken to a black church by his
family's black servant, Olivia Pise. Here he first heard the melodies that inspired his own
songs. Only a couple of Foster's songs are based directly on Negro spirituals; but
many of his songs have the natural simplicity and emotional power of folk songs.
The youngest member of a large family, Foster showed his musical talent at an early age.
He played the flute, violin, and piano. Growing up in an energetic business family,
Stephen was expected to become a businessman. And, for a while, he worked as a
bookkeeper. All his spare time, however, was spent writing songs.
Foster attended minstrel shows and tried to get the performers to sing his songs.
Sometimes the performers would steal his songs and publish them under their own
names. Copyright laws were weak and rarely enforced, so some music publishers would
just go ahead and publish a song without paying the songwriter. Since Foster hoped to
make a living as a songwriter, this was a problem.
Foster's first hit song was Oh! Susanna published in 1848. It became popular with the
thousands of men from all over the United States who were heading west to the
Californian goldrush of 1849. Unfortunately, as an unknown song writer, Foster received
no money from his early songs. He seems to have given them outright to the music
publishers, just to establish his reputation.
Foster's name, however, was soon widely known, and in 1849 he was able to afford to
give up bookkeeping, and marry the daughter of a Pittsburgh physician. During the next
five years, he earned a moderately good income from songwriting. In 1851, a daughter
Marion was born. Foster wrote many of his bestknown songs at this time Old Folks at
Home in 1851; My Old Kentucky Home in 1853, and Jeanie With the Light Brown
Hair in 1854.
Difficulties in Foster's marriage began fairly soon. These may have been partly due to his
strange work habits. He spent days locked in his room working on his songs. Then he
would rush out with his materials to the local music store, presumably to test out the
songs on his friends. He also became more and more addicted to alcohol. Eventually, his
wife and daughter left him. Foster died alone in a rooming house in 1864.
Immigrants to the United States brought their traditional folk songs with them. However,
there were very few typically American songs. Foster provided many songs that
expressed the life of nineteenth century U.S.A. His songs were easy to sing, and were
popular with nearly everyone. In a sense, Foster helped to create roots for American
popular music.

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