Bậc trí bảo vệ thân, bảo vệ luôn lời nói, bảo vệ cả tâm tư, ba nghiệp khéo bảo vệ.Kinh Pháp Cú (Kệ số 234)
Bất lương không phải là tin hay không tin, mà bất lương là khi một người xác nhận rằng họ tin vào một điều mà thực sự họ không hề tin. (Infidelity does not consist in believing, or in disbelieving, it consists in professing to believe what he does not believe.)Thomas Paine
Khi mọi con đường đều bế tắc, đừng từ bỏ. Hãy tự vạch ra con đường của chính mình. (When all the ways stop, do not give up. Draw a way on your own.)Sưu tầm
Sống trong đời cũng giống như việc đi xe đạp. Để giữ được thăng bằng bạn phải luôn đi tới. (Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving. )Albert Einstein
Thêm một chút kiên trì và một chút nỗ lực thì sự thất bại vô vọng cũng có thể trở thành thành công rực rỡ. (A little more persistence, a little more effort, and what seemed hopeless failure may turn to glorious success. )Elbert Hubbard
Nỗ lực mang đến hạnh phúc cho người khác sẽ nâng cao chính bản thân ta. (An effort made for the happiness of others lifts above ourselves.)Lydia M. Child
Hạnh phúc đích thực không quá đắt, nhưng chúng ta phải trả giá quá nhiều cho những thứ ta lầm tưởng là hạnh phúc. (Real happiness is cheap enough, yet how dearly we pay for its counterfeit.)Hosea Ballou
Điều kiện duy nhất để cái ác ngự trị chính là khi những người tốt không làm gì cả. (The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.)Edmund Burke
Người vấp ngã mà không cố đứng lên thì chỉ có thể chờ đợi một kết quả duy nhất là bị giẫm đạp.Sưu tầm
"Nó mắng tôi, đánh tôi, Nó thắng tôi, cướp tôi." Ai ôm hiềm hận ấy, hận thù không thể nguôi.Kinh Pháp cú (Kệ số 3)

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Much of the history of North America is about how Europeans moved westward from the
Atlantic coast towards the Pacific. The first settlements began around 1600, and it was a
long time before the Europeans settled the interior. By the late eighteenth century,
however, good farmland along the east coast was becoming scarce. As the population
increased, people began thinking about all the native Indian lands further inland.
Families were quite large in pioneer days, and the oldest son usually inherited the family
farm. This meant that the other sons and daughters would have to move away when their
parents died. Often the sons would want to begin their own farm, and start their own
family. But, if there was no farmland available, or if it was too expensive to buy, they were
out of luck. One option was to move west where land was free or very cheap.
Sometimes the whole family might move if their old farm was no longer productive.
Sometimes the old farm was on poor soil, or too much farming had exhausted the soil.
Perhaps better land could be had further west.
There were other reasons for moving west. Pioneer settlers depended on wild birds, fish
and wild animals for food, furs and skins for clothing and trading, and trees for building
materials. These things became scarce in old settled areas. Out west there were lots of
animals to hunt for food, and animal skins could be traded for supplies. It seemed that it
was easier to make a living on the frontier.
Of course, there were some problems regarding moving west. Various American Indian
tribes who might fight to defend their land occupied the land. Then the land needed to be
cleared of trees and stumps before it could be planted. A log cabin and other buildings
had to be built. A well had to be dug, or a spring of water found. Settlers might also suffer
because there were no doctors, or teachers, or stores available. These things, though,
often did follow closely behind the first settlers.
A series of Little House books written by Laura Ingalls Wilder tells the story of her
pioneer family. The Ingalls family moved many times while Laura was a little girl. She was
born in Wisconsin in 1867; her family moved next year to Missouri; then they moved to
Kansas in 1869; the Ingalls moved back to Wisconsin in 1871; they moved to Minnesota
in 1874; her family went to Iowa in 1876; then back to Minnesota in 1877. Finally, they
moved to De Smet, South Dakota in 1879, and there the family remained.
All these moves were typical for a pioneer family always on the lookout for better land
and other opportunities. But all these moves involved very hard work, all of which
seemed all lost when the family had to move again.
For example, when Laura's parents moved to the Kansas prairie in 1869, they had many
hardships. The family put all their belongings in a covered wagon, which measured four
feet by ten feet. Two horses pulled it, and the family dog followed along. Laura and her
sister Mary were very little girls.
The family and their wagon were nearly washed away trying to cross a small river. They
travelled through wild tall grass where there were no roads. Laura's father built a house
on the open prairie with logs he hauled from the creek bottoms. One of the nearby
settlers helped him. They also built a log stable for the horses. That was a good thing,
because the next night their little house was surrounded by a pack of fifty large wolves.
They formed a large circle around the house and howled all night.
One day while Laura's father was away, two Indians visited the house. They wanted
Laura's mother to feed them and stood silent while the food was cooking. The Indians
wore only fresh skunk skins as clothing. After the Indians had eaten all the food, they left.
The following spring, there was a large gathering of Indian tribes. Most of them wanted to
fight the settlers. For many nights, the sounds of Indian drums frightened the settlers.
One tribe opposed the plan, and finally the gathering broke up and the Indians went away.
Many other problems faced the Ingalls family. These included bad weather, prairie grass
fires, and malaria. The worst part was having to leave their new homes. The government
decided that Laura's family was living on Indian land and would have to move. So the
covered wagon was packed again, and the family travelled north. Such experiences were
not unusual for pioneers in the nineteenth century.

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