Acknowledgments

Sách này được dâng cúng cho các vị Thầy của tôi – hai cố Thiền sư Thích Tịch Chiếu và Thích Thường Chiếu; hai Thầy Thích Thiền Tâm và Thích Tài Quang; và tất cả quý Thầy có sách mà tôi đã đọc và học từ đó, trong đó có Đức Đạt Lai Lạt Ma đời 14, quý Thầy Thích Thanh Từ, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Thích Minh Châu, Thích Duy Lực, Lê Mạnh Thát, Tuệ Sỹ, vân vân. Sách này cũng xin dâng cúng tới ba mẹ tôi trong kiếp này và các kiếp khác, và tới tất cả các chúng sinh.

Đặc biệt, xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn tới Thiền sư Thích Thanh Từ, Giáo sư Lê Mạnh Thát, nhà nghiên cứu Trần Đình Sơn, Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Bhikkhu Sujato, Tỳ kheo Nguyễn Thế Đăng (vị này cũng là Pháp huynh cùng Thầy của tôi) và nhiều vị khác với các văn bản mà tác phẩm này tham khảo.

Thêm nữa, tác giả xin cảm ơn Cư sĩ Tâm Diệu, người đã đăng các bài tôi viết lên Thư Viện Hoa Sen (thuvienhoasen.org) trong nhiều thập niên và bây giờ giúp phát hành sách này qua Ananda Viet Foundation.

Cuối cùng, tác giả xin nói lời cảm ơn đặc biệt tới Dan Phan đã giúp dò lỗi chính tả và văn phạm cho sách này.



This book is dedicated to my teachers -- The late Zen Masters Thich Tich Chieu and Thich Thuong Chieu; the late Dharma Masters Thich Thien Tam and Thich Tai Quang; and all the teachers whose books I read and learned from, including H.H. the 14th Dalai Lama, Thich Thanh Tu, Thich Nhat Hanh, Thich Minh Chau, Thich Duy Luc, Le Manh That, Tue Sy, etc. This book is also dedicated to all my parents in this life and other lives, and to all other sentient beings.

Specifically, I am indebted to the Zen Master Thich Thanh Tu, Prof. Le Manh That, researcher Tran Dinh Son, Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Bhikkhu Sujato, Bhikkhu Nguyen The Dang (who

is also my elder Dharma brother), and many others whose works I relied on while working on this book.

Also, I would like to thank the layperson Tâm Diệu, who posted my articles on Thư Viện Hoa Sen (thuvienhoasen.org) for decades and now helped publish this book via the Ananda Viet Foundation.

Lastly, the author would like to say a special thanks to Dan Phan for helping to check the spelling and grammar of this book.

PREFACE

Everyone can see that Vietnamese Zen has played a significant role in the history of Vietnam in all aspects, especially in Vietnamese Buddhism. How exactly did this transpire? Some have said that after being transmitted from China to Vietnam, the Zen doctrine has blended into the Vietnamese culture, being constantly accompanied by the Vietnamese people, becoming a uniquely Vietnamese Zen.

According to Prof. Le Manh That in his studies of the book Thiền Uyển Tập Anh (A Collection of Outstanding Figures of the Zen Garden), before arriving in China, Buddhism had spread in the second or third century CE from India to Vietnam. During this time, the two best known Buddhist Masters were Mau Tu and Khuong Tang Hoi.

In the sixth century, Chinese Zen was introduced into Vietnam by the Zen Master Tỳ Ni Đa Lưu Chi (Vinītaruci), a native South Indian and a student of the Third Chinese Patriarch Tăng Xán (Sengcan). This Zen sect lasted nineteen generations. Their students studied and practiced mostly in accordance with the scriptures of Northern Buddhism, the Six Paramitas, the Prajna Wisdom, and the meditation of contemplating the Buddha's mind-seal.

In the eighth century, the Zen Master Vô Ngôn Thông (Wu Yantong), a student of Bách Trượng Hoài Hải (Baizhang Huaihai), came to Vietnam and introduced the Zen tradition inherited from the sixth Chinese Zen Patriarch Huệ Năng (Hui Neng) that emphasized the ideas of sudden enlightenment and mind-to-mind transmission. This Zen sect lasted fifteen generations.

In the 11th century, the Vân Môn Zen sect (Unmon Zen) was brought into Vietnam by the Zen Master Thảo Đường, a student of Tuyết Đậu Trùng

Hiển (Xuedou Chongxian). Thảo Đường, who had traveled from China to Chiêm Thành (Champa) to introduce Zen, was captured as a prisoner of war by Vietnamese soldiers in the war between Vietnam and Champa, only being released after the war. After establishing the Thảo Đường Zen school in Trấn Quốc Temple, Thảo Đường was consecrated by King Lý Thánh Tông as the Kingdom's Supreme Master. Arguing that Buddhism should cherish Confucianism, literature and academic achievement, the Thảo Đường Zen School became fondly acquainted with the era’s scholars and nobility. Ultimately, the Thảo Đường Zen School greatly influenced the Buddhist landscape in the Trần Dynasty.

In the 13th century during Trần Dynasty, King Trần Nhân Tông studied Zen under the guidance of Tuệ Trung Thượng Sĩ, who was considered an enlightened person. Years later, King Trần Nhân Tông voluntarily relinquished the throne to his son, and went forth as a monk named Trúc Lâm Đầu Đà. He then established Trúc Lâm Zen, a meditation school that