Ở đời có những người không đức lại tự cho rằng quá nhiều đức; không tài lại nghĩ mình kỳ tài không ai bằng; làm lợi ích cho người không được bao nhiêu mà nghĩ mình làm quá nhiều; thành tựu không lớn mà nghĩ là thành tựu chưa từng thấy… là bởi “cái tôi” quá lớn.

Cái tôi (the Self, the Ego) ấy vượt khỏi giới hạn của thân xác, đóng cọc cắm rào khắp nơi nào nó hướng đến. Nó vô hình nhưng lại mượn cái hữu hình để tự thể hiện sự hiện hữu của nó. Và sự hiện hữu theo cách thế bành trướng, lấn lướt của một cái tôi lớn, làm cho không gian chung quanh chật chội, tù túng. Ngay cả môi trường sống của gia đình, trường học, làng xóm, tổ chức tôn giáo, quốc gia, cho đến thế giới, trước sự hung hăng hãnh tiến, tự tin, tự mãn của một “cái tôi đáng ghét,” (1) sẽ bị ô nhiễm, khó thở. Cái tôi ấy nếu là người bình thường thì chỉ gây khó chịu, hoặc làm trò cười cho hàng thức giả trong vài phút giây; còn như cố gắng giành lấy trách nhiệm lãnh đạo tập thể nữa thì mới là hiểm họa cho nhiều người, trong một thời gian dài lâu khó lường.

Thế giới nầy có bao nhiêu “cái tôi” như thế? — Có bao nhiêu sinh loại thì có bao nhiêu “cái tôi.” Nhưng không phải cái tôi nào cũng đáng ghét. Có những “cái tôi” biểu lộ nhẹ nhàng, không muốn lấn lướt, tranh giành với ai, có thể hòa được với những cá thể khác; và có những “cái tôi” khá mờ nhạt, có mà dường như không—những cái tôi “không tôi.”

Cái-tôi-không-tôi sống hòa với con người và thiên nhiên, vì giữa họ và tha nhân không có giới hạn của tuổi tác, thế hệ, thời đại; không có biên giới của màu da, sắc tộc, quốc gia, tôn giáo. Cái tôi ấy chẳng

là gì, chẳng là ai, chẳng có công danh hay sự nghiệp vĩ đại nào với đời; nhưng nó là cốt lõi, làm trung gian, trung hòa cho một thế giới an bình, thương yêu, không xung đột đối chõi nhau.

Muốn sống như một “cái-tôi-không-tôi,” cần phải học và thực tập rất nhiều.

Các đạo gia và hiền triết Đông-Tây đều sống như thế. Phật gia cũng dạy về vô-ngã, không chỉ là triết thuyết mà là pháp-hành để thực chứng trong đời sống hàng ngày. Điểm chung của đạo gia, triết nhân và Phật gia là: quên mình, không vì mình.

Quên mình là bước đầu để dẹp bỏ những hàng rào ngăn cách với người khác.

Không vì mình là vì muốn làm lợi ích cho số đông.

Giản dị, khiêm cung, không tranh giành, mà thành tựu tất cả việc chung trong trời đất.

Như Lão Tử từng nói: “Hậu kỳ thân nhi thân tiên; ngoại kỳ thân nhi thân tồn” (2). Lui về phía sau, đặt mình ở ngoài, mà lại thành tựu tất cả việc. Làm mọi việc, thành mọi việc, mà không thấy có mình. Không có người làm. Không có cái danh của người làm. Không có người thành công. Không có cái danh của người thành công. Đây mới gọi là người đức hạnh của mọi xứ, mọi thời.



California, ngày 27.02.2018
Vĩnh Hảo

(www.vinhhao.info)




________________



(1) Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), “the Self is hateful.”

(2) Lão Tử (thời đại nhà Chu, Trung Hoa, khoảng thế kỷ thứ 4 trước Công nguyên). Nguyên văn: “Thiên trường địa cửu. Thiên địa sở dĩ năng trường thả cửu giả, dĩ kỳ bất tự sinh, cố năng trường sinh. Thị dĩ thánh nhân, hậu kỳ thân nhi thân tiên, ngoại kỳ thân nhi thân tồn. Phi dĩ kỳ vô tư da? Cố năng thành kỳ tư.” (Trời dài đất lâu. Trời đất sở dĩ dài lâu, Là vì không sống cho mình, Nên mới đặng trường sinh. / Vì vậy Thánh nhơn, Để thân ra sau,

mà thân ở trước; Để thân ra ngoài, mà thân đặng còn. Phải chăng vì không riêng tư, Mà thành được việc riêng tư?)

天長地久。天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生，故能長生。是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存。非以其無私耶？故能成其私。《道德經 • 第七章》(Đạo Đức Kinh, Chương 7, bản dịch của Thu Giang Nguyễn Duy Cần, Quyển I, trang 64). Có thể đối chiếu đoạn văn nầy qua Đức Đạo Kinh, Phần Đạo, Chương 51, trang 181, bản dịch của Huỳnh Kim Quang)





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